Section: ENGLISH
Question 1
Cashed up, aspirational and a marketer‘s dream, the hoi polloi are on the march, writes Bridie Smith.
Choose the antonym of the word hoi polloi.
Choose the antonym of the word hoi polloi.
C Masses
The meaning of ‘hoi polloi’ is ‘the masses or the common people,’ hence its antonym must be ‘Aritocracy.’
Question 2
There‘s a lot in life that can leave you nonplussed.
Choose the antonym of the word nonplussed.
Choose the antonym of the word nonplussed.
D unperturbed
The word ‘nonplussed’ is truly an enigma. While the antiquated meaning of being ‘nonplussed’ is ‘to be so surprised and confused as to be unsure how to react,’ informally the meaning has evolved into its opposite i.e. ‘unperturbed or not disconcerted.’
It is clear, though, from the sentence that the meaning is the former one, so its antonym should be ‘unperturbed.’
It is clear, though, from the sentence that the meaning is the former one, so its antonym should be ‘unperturbed.’
Question 3
Stay away from the touristy Pioneer Square historic district and most of its cheeseball clubs, at least on nights and weekends.
Choose the meaning of the word cheeseball.
Choose the meaning of the word cheeseball.
C Inferior in quality
The meaning of ‘cheeseball’ as can be seen from this sentence is ‘lacking taste, style or originality’. Hence its closest synonym is ‘inferior in quality.’
Question 4
It was marvelous to see how gingerly, the little beasts footed it in such places.
Choose the synonym of the word gingerly
Choose the synonym of the word gingerly
B assiduously
‘Gingerly’ means ‘in a careful or cautious manner’, hence its synonym would be ‘assidiously.’
Question 5
She‘s also an up-and-coming fiction writer with a penchant for the dark and surreal.
Choose the meaning of the word surreal.
Choose the meaning of the word surreal.
C Edgy
The meaning of ‘surreal’ is ‘bizarre.’
Question 6
Match the ideas in (i) and (ii) by using the words in the brackets.
I. (even though)
II. (with)
III. (seeing that)
IV. (even if)
I. (even though)
II. (with)
III. (seeing that)
IV. (even if)
| (i) | (ii) | ||
| 1. | I took my raincoat and umbrella _____ | a. | _____ because Davies is its captain. |
| 2. | I still won‘t be able to get to a meeting at 8.30 _____ |
b. | _____ despite a problem in digging the foundations. |
| 3. | The team is likely to do well in this season _____ |
c. | _____ as weather forecast was so bad. |
| 4. | The building work is still on schedule _____ | d. | _____ whether or not I catch an earlier train. |
A III-1-c, IV-2-d, II-3-a, I-4-b
This is a very confusing problem, because there are blanks in both the given columns (i) and (ii), and the given conjunctions cannot fill both the blanks.
Instead try to first match the clauses given in (i) and (ii). Thus, it is easy to see that the only logical matches are 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b.
Now consider these matched sentences, and replace the conjunction with the given ones initially.
1-c: I took my raincoat and umbrella as weather forecast was so bad.
Here the conjunction ‘as’ can be replaced by ‘seeing that’. Thus the combination becomes III-1-c.
2-d: I still wont be able to get to a meeting at 8.30 whether or not I catch an earlier train.
We can replace the underlined conjunction with ‘even if’, hence the combination becomes IV-2-d.
3-a: The team is likely to do well in this season because Davies is its captain.
We can replace ‘because’ with the conjunction ‘with’, hence the combination II-3-a.
4-b: The building work is still on schedule despite a problem in digging the foundations.
We can replace ‘despite’ with ‘even though’, hence the correct combination is I-4-b.
Instead try to first match the clauses given in (i) and (ii). Thus, it is easy to see that the only logical matches are 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b.
Now consider these matched sentences, and replace the conjunction with the given ones initially.
1-c: I took my raincoat and umbrella as weather forecast was so bad.
Here the conjunction ‘as’ can be replaced by ‘seeing that’. Thus the combination becomes III-1-c.
2-d: I still wont be able to get to a meeting at 8.30 whether or not I catch an earlier train.
We can replace the underlined conjunction with ‘even if’, hence the combination becomes IV-2-d.
3-a: The team is likely to do well in this season because Davies is its captain.
We can replace ‘because’ with the conjunction ‘with’, hence the combination II-3-a.
4-b: The building work is still on schedule despite a problem in digging the foundations.
We can replace ‘despite’ with ‘even though’, hence the correct combination is I-4-b.
Question 7
Match the ideas in (i) and (ii) by using the words in the brackets.
I. (due to)
II. (in order to)
III. (in order that)
IV. (so as to)
I. (due to)
II. (in order to)
III. (in order that)
IV. (so as to)
| (i) | (ii) | ||
| 1. | We have decided not to go on holiday this year ____ |
a. | ____ because there had recently been a strike by postal workers. |
| 2. | The council have planted trees at the side of the road ____ |
b. | ____ to give Dave somewhere private to study before his exams. |
| 3. | The parcel has been delayed ____ | c. | ____ because we want to save money for a new car. |
| 4. | We‘ve put a table and chair in the spare bedroom ____ |
d. | ____ in an attempt to reduce traffic noise. |
D II-1-c, IV-2-d, I-3-a, III-4-b
We proceed with the same process – first match the two clauses and then find the conjunction that best fits into the combined sentence.
It is easy to see that the correct combinations are 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b. The only option with this combination is option d, so it must be the correct choice. However let us still check the conjunctions:
1-c: We have decided not to go on holiday this year because we want to save money for a new car. Clearly ‘in order to’ conveys the same cause-effect relationship, so II-1-c is correct.
2-d: The council have planted trees at the side of the road in an attempt to reduce traffic noise.
Here, ‘so as to’ conveys the same meaning as ‘in an attempt to’, so IV-2-d is correct.
3-a: The parcel has been delayed because there had recently been a strike by postal workers.
Here, ‘due to’ can replace ‘because’, so I-3-a is correct.
4-b: We’ve put a table and chair in the spare bedroom to give Dave somewhere private to study before his exams.
Here, ‘in order that’ is apt to replace ‘to give’ and hence III-4-b is also correct!
It is easy to see that the correct combinations are 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b. The only option with this combination is option d, so it must be the correct choice. However let us still check the conjunctions:
1-c: We have decided not to go on holiday this year because we want to save money for a new car. Clearly ‘in order to’ conveys the same cause-effect relationship, so II-1-c is correct.
2-d: The council have planted trees at the side of the road in an attempt to reduce traffic noise.
Here, ‘so as to’ conveys the same meaning as ‘in an attempt to’, so IV-2-d is correct.
3-a: The parcel has been delayed because there had recently been a strike by postal workers.
Here, ‘due to’ can replace ‘because’, so I-3-a is correct.
4-b: We’ve put a table and chair in the spare bedroom to give Dave somewhere private to study before his exams.
Here, ‘in order that’ is apt to replace ‘to give’ and hence III-4-b is also correct!
Question 8
Complete the sentences on the right with appropriate compound nouns related to the two- word verbs used in the sentences on the left.
I. flashbacks
II. Telling off
III. hideout
IV. Downpour
I. flashbacks
II. Telling off
III. hideout
IV. Downpour
| 1. | The teacher told me off for handing in my homework late. |
a. | The children have a secret _____ at the bottom of the garden. |
| 2. | My mind flashed back to the time when I was living in Stockholm. |
b. | I was caught in a sudden _____ and got soaked through. |
| 3. | The escaped prisoners crept into an old barn and hid out until it got dark. |
c. | My father gave me a good _____ for knocking down his prize roses. |
| 4. | The rain was pouring down as we got out of the taxi |
d. | There are a number of _____in the film to the time before the robbery. |
B II-1-c, I-2-d, III-3-a, IV-4-b
To ‘tell someone off’ means to ‘scold.’ This will clearly fit sentence c, thus the correct combination is II-1-c.
A flash-back is ‘a scene set in an earlier time,‘ and is a technique used in films, so this will fit statement d perfectly. So, the correct combination will be I-2-d.
A ‘hide out’ is essentially a ‘hiding place,’ so this will be appropriate in statement a. The correct combination will be III-3-a.
A downpour is ‘a heavy fall of rain,’ and will be appropriate in sentence b. Hence the correct combination will be IV-4-b.
A flash-back is ‘a scene set in an earlier time,‘ and is a technique used in films, so this will fit statement d perfectly. So, the correct combination will be I-2-d.
A ‘hide out’ is essentially a ‘hiding place,’ so this will be appropriate in statement a. The correct combination will be III-3-a.
A downpour is ‘a heavy fall of rain,’ and will be appropriate in sentence b. Hence the correct combination will be IV-4-b.
Question 9
Complete the sentences on the right with appropriate compound nouns related to the two- word verbs used in the sentences on the left.
I. setbacks
II. Tip-offs
III. passers-by
IV. Upbringing
I. setbacks
II. Tip-offs
III. passers-by
IV. Upbringing
| 1 | The police were waiting for the thieves. Someone must have tipped them off. |
a. | Harry had a very strict ____ and was glad to move away from his parents. |
| 2. | As I passed by her house, I could see people dancing in the front room. |
b. | The engine fault was the latest of several ____ in the development of the car. |
| 3. | She was born and brought up in central London. |
c. | We received several ____ that there would be an attempted break-out at the prison. |
| 4. | The injury has set back his chances of being fit to play in the final |
d. | The man was leaning out of the window, shouting at ____in the street below. |
A I-4-b, II-1-c, III-2-d, IV-3-a
A ‘setback’ is a ‘reversal or check in progress,’ which will be appropriate in sentence b. Thus the correct combination will be I-4-b.
A ‘tip-off’ is ‘a piece of information given in a discreet or confidential way,’ which will be appropriate in sentence c. Thus the correct combination will be II-1-c.
‘passers-by’ are ‘people who happen to go by on foot,’ and will be appropriate in sentence d. Thus the correct combination will be III-2-d.
‘Upbringing’ means ‘the treatment and instruction received by a child from its parents,’ and will be a perfect fit in sentence a. Thus the correct combination will be IV-3-a.
A ‘tip-off’ is ‘a piece of information given in a discreet or confidential way,’ which will be appropriate in sentence c. Thus the correct combination will be II-1-c.
‘passers-by’ are ‘people who happen to go by on foot,’ and will be appropriate in sentence d. Thus the correct combination will be III-2-d.
‘Upbringing’ means ‘the treatment and instruction received by a child from its parents,’ and will be a perfect fit in sentence a. Thus the correct combination will be IV-3-a.
Question 10
Observe the following sentences where same word in different form is used keeping the sense of the sentence same. In the following questions, the sentences have some element of similarity. You have to find out the similarity and choose the option which is odd one out.
A Such jokes do not give me any amusement.<br />
Such jokes do not amuse me.
The official answer given by NLU Delhi is option d.
Notice that in all four sentences some words are modified from one part of speech to another.
In the first sentence, the noun ‘amusement’ has been converted into the verb ‘amuse’.
In the second sentence, the noun ‘fight’ becomes the verb ‘fought’, while the adjective ‘brave’ becomes the adverb ‘bravely’.
In the third sentence the noun ‘failure’ has been converted into the verb ‘failed’ and the possessive pronoun ‘her’ becomes the subjective pronoun ‘she’.
In the fourth sentence the noun ‘answer’ has become the verb ‘answered’ and the adjective ‘prompt’ becomes the adverb ‘promptly’.
Now, the only possible odd sentence can be option a, where only one word is changed to another part of speech, while in the other two or more words are changed!
Notice that in all four sentences some words are modified from one part of speech to another.
In the first sentence, the noun ‘amusement’ has been converted into the verb ‘amuse’.
In the second sentence, the noun ‘fight’ becomes the verb ‘fought’, while the adjective ‘brave’ becomes the adverb ‘bravely’.
In the third sentence the noun ‘failure’ has been converted into the verb ‘failed’ and the possessive pronoun ‘her’ becomes the subjective pronoun ‘she’.
In the fourth sentence the noun ‘answer’ has become the verb ‘answered’ and the adjective ‘prompt’ becomes the adverb ‘promptly’.
Now, the only possible odd sentence can be option a, where only one word is changed to another part of speech, while in the other two or more words are changed!
Question 11
Observe the following sentences where same word in different form is used keeping the sense of the sentence same. In the following questions, the sentences have some element of similarity. You have to find out the similarity and choose the option which is odd one out.
B Fortunately, nothing has happened.<br />
It was fortunate that nothing has happened.
All these sentences have been rephrased by inserting or changing a conjunction but the meanings have been retained.
However, in statement 2, there is a tense error. Consider the two verbs ‘was’ and ‘has happened’. While the former is in the simple past tense, the latter verb is in the present perfect tense – clearly these do not agree with each other. Hence it should be ‘It is fortunate that nothing has happened’ or ‘It was fortunate that nothing had happened.’
However, in statement 2, there is a tense error. Consider the two verbs ‘was’ and ‘has happened’. While the former is in the simple past tense, the latter verb is in the present perfect tense – clearly these do not agree with each other. Hence it should be ‘It is fortunate that nothing has happened’ or ‘It was fortunate that nothing had happened.’
Question 12
Observe the following sentences where same word in different form is used keeping the sense of the sentence same. In the following questions, the sentences have some element of similarity. You have to find out the similarity and choose the option which is odd one out.
C All could hear the mournful wails of his wife.<br />
The mournful wails of his wife could be heard by all.
In sentences a, b and d the direct quote has been replaced by an indirect quote. However, in sentence c, the original sentence is in active voice while the second sentence is in the passive voice. Clearly this is the odd sentence.
Question 13
Choose the sentence which is incorrect grammatically.
A Sita is more intelligent and wise than Rita.
There are two adjectives here ‘intelligent’ and ‘wise’. However both adjectives must be in the comparative form as we are comparing these attributes between Sita and Rita. Thus, the second adjective must be ‘wiser’.
Question 14
Choose the sentence which is incorrect grammatically.
C I can run as fast, if not faster, than you.
The comparison here must use the comparative phrase ‘as fast as’ for the first adjective. Also, note that the second adjective in comparative form must be accompanied by ‘than’. Thus the correct statement should be “I can run as fast as you, if not faster than you.”
Question 15
Choose the alternative which best expresses the meaning of the idiom/phrase in the question.
Pell-mell
Pell-mell
A In hurried disorder
The meaning of ‘pell-mell’ is ‘in a confused, rushed or disorderly manner.’
Question 16
Choose the alternative which best expresses the meaning of the idiom/phrase in the question.
To have one's heart in one's boots
To have one's heart in one's boots
B To be deeply depressed
The meaning of “to have one’s heart in one’s boots” is ‘to be depressed.’
Question 17
Choose the alternative which best expresses the meaning of the idiom/phrase in the question.
To give one's ears
To give one's ears
A To listen carefully
The meaning of “to give one’s ears” is ‘to listen to someone or to what someone is saying’.
Question 18
Rearrange the given six sentences K, L, M, N, O and P in the proper sequence so as to form a meaningful paragraph and then answer the questions that follows.
(K) The subjugation or enslavement of the people and countries is fast becoming a thing of the past.
(L) Since then the progress in science and technology and in other branches of knowledge has resulted in the betterment of the conditions of life in many countries.
(M) The Industrial Revolution in England about the middle of the eighteenth century was history's great leap forward.
(N) All this is on credit of modern civilisation.
(O) Society has been progressing and improving for thousands of years.
(P) The span of human life has been enlarged, the condition of the labouring classes in many countries has improved, knowledge and education have made great strides, the treatment of children has become more humane, feats of engineering have done wonders, democracy and freedom have been granted to most countries of the world, and a very much larger percentage of people have become entitled to the good things of life.
Which sentence should come fifth in the paragraph?
(K) The subjugation or enslavement of the people and countries is fast becoming a thing of the past.
(L) Since then the progress in science and technology and in other branches of knowledge has resulted in the betterment of the conditions of life in many countries.
(M) The Industrial Revolution in England about the middle of the eighteenth century was history's great leap forward.
(N) All this is on credit of modern civilisation.
(O) Society has been progressing and improving for thousands of years.
(P) The span of human life has been enlarged, the condition of the labouring classes in many countries has improved, knowledge and education have made great strides, the treatment of children has become more humane, feats of engineering have done wonders, democracy and freedom have been granted to most countries of the world, and a very much larger percentage of people have become entitled to the good things of life.
Which sentence should come fifth in the paragraph?
B K
The broad idea covered in the given six sentences is the progress that has been made since Industrial Revolution and how it has led to the betterment of lives. All we have to do is to arrange this sentences to form a coherent and logical meaning. Important clues to work with are:-
“Since then” in L- there has to be reference point before this – in the given sentences that could be Industrial Revolution.
“All this” in N – this may refer to all the benefits/progress made since Industrial Revolution and must therefore come after all the positives have been mentioned.
The opening sentence must introduce the idea and must set the context. In this regard O is the best start. It goes well before Industrial Revolution. “M” must follow “O” as this narrows the scope a bit. As stated earlier “L” must follow M as “since then” in L refers to Industrial Revolution in “M”. P should then follow L as it elaborates on the “betterment of the conditions” mentioned in L. K mentions one of the positive outcomes of the progress being made and as stated earlier N will be a good closure to the paragraph.
So the correct order of the sentences will be OMLPKN.
So K should come fifth in the paragraph.
“Since then” in L- there has to be reference point before this – in the given sentences that could be Industrial Revolution.
“All this” in N – this may refer to all the benefits/progress made since Industrial Revolution and must therefore come after all the positives have been mentioned.
The opening sentence must introduce the idea and must set the context. In this regard O is the best start. It goes well before Industrial Revolution. “M” must follow “O” as this narrows the scope a bit. As stated earlier “L” must follow M as “since then” in L refers to Industrial Revolution in “M”. P should then follow L as it elaborates on the “betterment of the conditions” mentioned in L. K mentions one of the positive outcomes of the progress being made and as stated earlier N will be a good closure to the paragraph.
So the correct order of the sentences will be OMLPKN.
So K should come fifth in the paragraph.
Question 19
Rearrange the given six sentences K, L, M, N, O and P in the proper sequence so as to form a meaningful paragraph and then answer the questions that follows.
(K) The subjugation or enslavement of the people and countries is fast becoming a thing of the past.
(L) Since then the progress in science and technology and in other branches of knowledge has resulted in the betterment of the conditions of life in many countries.
(M) The Industrial Revolution in England about the middle of the eighteenth century was history's great leap forward.
(N) All this is on credit of modern civilisation.
(O) Society has been progressing and improving for thousands of years.
(P) The span of human life has been enlarged, the condition of the labouring classes in many countries has improved, knowledge and education have made great strides, the treatment of children has become more humane, feats of engineering have done wonders, democracy and freedom have been granted to most countries of the world, and a very much larger percentage of people have become entitled to the good things of life.
Which sentence should come first in the paragraph?
(K) The subjugation or enslavement of the people and countries is fast becoming a thing of the past.
(L) Since then the progress in science and technology and in other branches of knowledge has resulted in the betterment of the conditions of life in many countries.
(M) The Industrial Revolution in England about the middle of the eighteenth century was history's great leap forward.
(N) All this is on credit of modern civilisation.
(O) Society has been progressing and improving for thousands of years.
(P) The span of human life has been enlarged, the condition of the labouring classes in many countries has improved, knowledge and education have made great strides, the treatment of children has become more humane, feats of engineering have done wonders, democracy and freedom have been granted to most countries of the world, and a very much larger percentage of people have become entitled to the good things of life.
Which sentence should come first in the paragraph?
A O
The broad idea covered in the given six sentences is the progress that has been made since Industrial Revolution and how it has led to the betterment of lives. All we have to do is to arrange this sentences to form a coherent and logical meaning. Important clues to work with are:-
“Since then” in L- there has to be reference point before this – in the given sentences that could be Industrial Revolution.
“All this” in N – this may refer to all the benefits/progress made since Industrial Revolution and must therefore come after all the positives have been mentioned.
The opening sentence must introduce the idea and must set the context. In this regard O is the best start. It goes well before Industrial Revolution. “M” must follow “O” as this narrows the scope a bit. As stated earlier “L” must follow M as “since then” in L refers to Industrial Revolution in “M”. P should then follow L as it elaborates on the “betterment of the conditions” mentioned in L. K mentions one of the positive outcomes of the progress being made and as stated earlier N will be a good closure to the paragraph.
So the correct order of the sentences will be OMLPKN.
So O should come first in the paragraph.
“Since then” in L- there has to be reference point before this – in the given sentences that could be Industrial Revolution.
“All this” in N – this may refer to all the benefits/progress made since Industrial Revolution and must therefore come after all the positives have been mentioned.
The opening sentence must introduce the idea and must set the context. In this regard O is the best start. It goes well before Industrial Revolution. “M” must follow “O” as this narrows the scope a bit. As stated earlier “L” must follow M as “since then” in L refers to Industrial Revolution in “M”. P should then follow L as it elaborates on the “betterment of the conditions” mentioned in L. K mentions one of the positive outcomes of the progress being made and as stated earlier N will be a good closure to the paragraph.
So the correct order of the sentences will be OMLPKN.
So O should come first in the paragraph.
Question 20
Rearrange the given six sentences K, L, M, N, O and P in the proper sequence so as to form a meaningful paragraph and then answer the questions that follows.
(K) The subjugation or enslavement of the people and countries is fast becoming a thing of the past.
(L) Since then the progress in science and technology and in other branches of knowledge has resulted in the betterment of the conditions of life in many countries.
(M) The Industrial Revolution in England about the middle of the eighteenth century was history's great leap forward.
(N) All this is on credit of modern civilisation.
(O) Society has been progressing and improving for thousands of years.
(P) The span of human life has been enlarged, the condition of the labouring classes in many countries has improved, knowledge and education have made great strides, the treatment of children has become more humane, feats of engineering have done wonders, democracy and freedom have been granted to most countries of the world, and a very much larger percentage of people have become entitled to the good things of life.
Which sentence should come third in the paragraph?
(K) The subjugation or enslavement of the people and countries is fast becoming a thing of the past.
(L) Since then the progress in science and technology and in other branches of knowledge has resulted in the betterment of the conditions of life in many countries.
(M) The Industrial Revolution in England about the middle of the eighteenth century was history's great leap forward.
(N) All this is on credit of modern civilisation.
(O) Society has been progressing and improving for thousands of years.
(P) The span of human life has been enlarged, the condition of the labouring classes in many countries has improved, knowledge and education have made great strides, the treatment of children has become more humane, feats of engineering have done wonders, democracy and freedom have been granted to most countries of the world, and a very much larger percentage of people have become entitled to the good things of life.
Which sentence should come third in the paragraph?
D L
The broad idea covered in the given six sentences is the progress that has been made since Industrial Revolution and how it has led to the betterment of lives. All we have to do is to arrange this sentences to form a coherent and logical meaning. Important clues to work with are:-
“Since then” in L- there has to be reference point before this – in the given sentences that could be Industrial Revolution.
“All this” in N – this may refer to all the benefits/progress made since Industrial Revolution and must therefore come after all the positives have been mentioned.
The opening sentence must introduce the idea and must set the context. In this regard O is the best start. It goes well before Industrial Revolution. “M” must follow “O” as this narrows the scope a bit. As stated earlier “L” must follow M as “since then” in L refers to Industrial Revolution in “M”. P should then follow L as it elaborates on the “betterment of the conditions” mentioned in L. K mentions one of the positive outcomes of the progress being made and as stated earlier N will be a good closure to the paragraph.
So the correct order of the sentences will be OMLPKN.
So L should come third in the paragraph.
“Since then” in L- there has to be reference point before this – in the given sentences that could be Industrial Revolution.
“All this” in N – this may refer to all the benefits/progress made since Industrial Revolution and must therefore come after all the positives have been mentioned.
The opening sentence must introduce the idea and must set the context. In this regard O is the best start. It goes well before Industrial Revolution. “M” must follow “O” as this narrows the scope a bit. As stated earlier “L” must follow M as “since then” in L refers to Industrial Revolution in “M”. P should then follow L as it elaborates on the “betterment of the conditions” mentioned in L. K mentions one of the positive outcomes of the progress being made and as stated earlier N will be a good closure to the paragraph.
So the correct order of the sentences will be OMLPKN.
So L should come third in the paragraph.
Question 21
Find out the sentence/s which is/are written correctly.
(a) Charles is a gifted footballer, but up to now he didn't play well in international matches.
(b) We've been staying with Paul and Jenny until last weekend.
(c) He just heard the news and was rushing home to tell his family.
(d) When I grow up I'm going to be an astronaut.
(a) Charles is a gifted footballer, but up to now he didn't play well in international matches.
(b) We've been staying with Paul and Jenny until last weekend.
(c) He just heard the news and was rushing home to tell his family.
(d) When I grow up I'm going to be an astronaut.
C d
Sentence (a) should be “Charles is a gifted footballer, but up to now he hasn’t played well in international matches.”
Sentence (b) should be “We had been staying with Paul and Jenny until last weekend.”
Sentence (c) should be “He had just heard the news and was rushing home to tell his family.”
Sentence (b) should be “We had been staying with Paul and Jenny until last weekend.”
Sentence (c) should be “He had just heard the news and was rushing home to tell his family.”
Question 22
Find out the sentence/s which is/are written correctly.
(a) Have you ever been to the opera when you lived in Milan?
(b) The man who broke the window wants to see you.
(c) I won't be able to meet you next week. I will stay in London for a few days.
(d) My mother who is in her seventies enjoys hill walking.
(a) Have you ever been to the opera when you lived in Milan?
(b) The man who broke the window wants to see you.
(c) I won't be able to meet you next week. I will stay in London for a few days.
(d) My mother who is in her seventies enjoys hill walking.
B a, b, c
Sentence (a) should be “Did you ever go to the opera when you lived in Milan?”
Sentence (c) should be “I won’t be able to meet you next week. I will be staying in London for a few days.”
Sentence (d) should be “My mother who is in her seventies enjoys walking in the hills.”
Sentence (c) should be “I won’t be able to meet you next week. I will be staying in London for a few days.”
Sentence (d) should be “My mother who is in her seventies enjoys walking in the hills.”
Question 23
Find out the sentence/s which is/are written correctly.
(a) Applications have risen this year by as much as 50%.
(b) There are a number of reasons I don't like him, but his meanness is the main.
(c) I felt confident to pass my driving test.
(d) I haven't got enough cash on me for paying the bill.
(a) Applications have risen this year by as much as 50%.
(b) There are a number of reasons I don't like him, but his meanness is the main.
(c) I felt confident to pass my driving test.
(d) I haven't got enough cash on me for paying the bill.
D a
Sentence (b) should be “There are a number of reasons for why I don’t like him, but his meanness is the main one.”
Sentence (c) should be “I felt confident about passing my driving test.”
Sentence (d) should be “I haven’t got enough cash on me to pay the bill.”
Sentence (c) should be “I felt confident about passing my driving test.”
Sentence (d) should be “I haven’t got enough cash on me to pay the bill.”
Question 24
Find out the sentence/s which is/are written correctly.
(a) Although they played well, but they never looked like winning.
(b) Despite the snow was still falling heavily, she went out.
(c) If Schumacher were to win today he would become world champion.
(d) She got low grades for her exams, therefore she had to retake them to get into college.
(a) Although they played well, but they never looked like winning.
(b) Despite the snow was still falling heavily, she went out.
(c) If Schumacher were to win today he would become world champion.
(d) She got low grades for her exams, therefore she had to retake them to get into college.
B c
Sentence (a) should be “Although they played well, they never looked like winning.”
Sentence (b) should be “Despite the heavy snowfall, she went out.”
Sentence (d) should be “She had gotten low grades in her exams, therefore she had to retake them to get into college.”
Sentence (b) should be “Despite the heavy snowfall, she went out.”
Sentence (d) should be “She had gotten low grades in her exams, therefore she had to retake them to get into college.”
Question 25
Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.
Under a zero-hour contract, a party described as a 'casual worker' has a contract with an employer, but the contract may be of little benefit as its provisions do not (25)_____ any obligation upon the employer to offer work, and similarly, there is no obligation for the worker to accept it. A 'casual worker' is the correct term to define workers who do not have (26)_____ hours of work but instead supply services on an irregular, flexible basis when the employer needs them. A 'worker' is not, therefore, an 'employee'. This is an important distinction, as employees enjoy significantly better protection under the law.
Although workers do have basic rights, for example, the right to a national minimum (27)_____, the right not to be unlawfully discriminated against and the right to sick pay, but they are denied other important rights. For example, casual workers do not have the same rights when it comes to issues such as maternity or paternity pay, (28)_____ pay in the event that there is not enough work available and the right not to be unfairly (29)_____. These contracts are very unpopular with trade unions, who argue that employers are using this type of contract as a way of denying workers the benefits which they would otherwise be entitled to under current employment
(30)_____ As a result of public criticism, the Eurona government held an independent review to analyse the use of these contracts. In June 2016, Eurona Business Secretary, Zoro, concluded that zero-hour contracts were not to be declared (31)_____, as he considered that many groups of people benefited from them. However, he did change the law in order to prevent employers from banning casual workers from working elsewhere when bound by a zero-hour contract. This is not the end of the story, however. The use of zero-hour contracts is extremely popular in the food and retail (32)_____of the Eurona economy.
For example, McDonald's and Burger King have recently disclosed that they use this type of contract for over 80% of their workers in the Eurona and another high-street giant, Sports Direct, has admitted that 90% of its workers are under this type of contract. However, the latter (33)_____ a legal challenge in November 2016 when Tera Phera filed a claim against the company in a Eurona Employment Tribunal. Tera Phera claimed that although she was contracted as a casual worker for Sports Direct, she had the same responsibilities and duties as an employee but without receiving the benefits of an employee. A (34)_____ was reached according to which Sports Direct is now required at the time of advertising for future zero-hours staff to expressly state that the role does not (35)_____ work. The company must also produce clear written policies setting out what sick pay and paid holiday their zero-hours staff are entitled to.
Under a zero-hour contract, a party described as a 'casual worker' has a contract with an employer, but the contract may be of little benefit as its provisions do not (25)_____ any obligation upon the employer to offer work, and similarly, there is no obligation for the worker to accept it. A 'casual worker' is the correct term to define workers who do not have (26)_____ hours of work but instead supply services on an irregular, flexible basis when the employer needs them. A 'worker' is not, therefore, an 'employee'. This is an important distinction, as employees enjoy significantly better protection under the law.
Although workers do have basic rights, for example, the right to a national minimum (27)_____, the right not to be unlawfully discriminated against and the right to sick pay, but they are denied other important rights. For example, casual workers do not have the same rights when it comes to issues such as maternity or paternity pay, (28)_____ pay in the event that there is not enough work available and the right not to be unfairly (29)_____. These contracts are very unpopular with trade unions, who argue that employers are using this type of contract as a way of denying workers the benefits which they would otherwise be entitled to under current employment
(30)_____ As a result of public criticism, the Eurona government held an independent review to analyse the use of these contracts. In June 2016, Eurona Business Secretary, Zoro, concluded that zero-hour contracts were not to be declared (31)_____, as he considered that many groups of people benefited from them. However, he did change the law in order to prevent employers from banning casual workers from working elsewhere when bound by a zero-hour contract. This is not the end of the story, however. The use of zero-hour contracts is extremely popular in the food and retail (32)_____of the Eurona economy.
For example, McDonald's and Burger King have recently disclosed that they use this type of contract for over 80% of their workers in the Eurona and another high-street giant, Sports Direct, has admitted that 90% of its workers are under this type of contract. However, the latter (33)_____ a legal challenge in November 2016 when Tera Phera filed a claim against the company in a Eurona Employment Tribunal. Tera Phera claimed that although she was contracted as a casual worker for Sports Direct, she had the same responsibilities and duties as an employee but without receiving the benefits of an employee. A (34)_____ was reached according to which Sports Direct is now required at the time of advertising for future zero-hours staff to expressly state that the role does not (35)_____ work. The company must also produce clear written policies setting out what sick pay and paid holiday their zero-hours staff are entitled to.
A impose
‘obligations’ can be ‘imposed’ by the ‘provisions of the contract.’ The other options are inappropriate here.
Question 26
Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.
Under a zero-hour contract, a party described as a 'casual worker' has a contract with an employer, but the contract may be of little benefit as its provisions do not (25)_____ any obligation upon the employer to offer work, and similarly, there is no obligation for the worker to accept it. A 'casual worker' is the correct term to define workers who do not have (26)_____ hours of work but instead supply services on an irregular, flexible basis when the employer needs them. A 'worker' is not, therefore, an 'employee'. This is an important distinction, as employees enjoy significantly better protection under the law.
Although workers do have basic rights, for example, the right to a national minimum (27)_____, the right not to be unlawfully discriminated against and the right to sick pay, but they are denied other important rights. For example, casual workers do not have the same rights when it comes to issues such as maternity or paternity pay, (28)_____ pay in the event that there is not enough work available and the right not to be unfairly (29)_____. These contracts are very unpopular with trade unions, who argue that employers are using this type of contract as a way of denying workers the benefits which they would otherwise be entitled to under current employment
(30)_____ As a result of public criticism, the Eurona government held an independent review to analyse the use of these contracts. In June 2016, Eurona Business Secretary, Zoro, concluded that zero-hour contracts were not to be declared (31)_____, as he considered that many groups of people benefited from them. However, he did change the law in order to prevent employers from banning casual workers from working elsewhere when bound by a zero-hour contract. This is not the end of the story, however. The use of zero-hour contracts is extremely popular in the food and retail (32)_____of the Eurona economy.
For example, McDonald's and Burger King have recently disclosed that they use this type of contract for over 80% of their workers in the Eurona and another high-street giant, Sports Direct, has admitted that 90% of its workers are under this type of contract. However, the latter (33)_____ a legal challenge in November 2016 when Tera Phera filed a claim against the company in a Eurona Employment Tribunal. Tera Phera claimed that although she was contracted as a casual worker for Sports Direct, she had the same responsibilities and duties as an employee but without receiving the benefits of an employee. A (34)_____ was reached according to which Sports Direct is now required at the time of advertising for future zero-hours staff to expressly state that the role does not (35)_____ work. The company must also produce clear written policies setting out what sick pay and paid holiday their zero-hours staff are entitled to.
Under a zero-hour contract, a party described as a 'casual worker' has a contract with an employer, but the contract may be of little benefit as its provisions do not (25)_____ any obligation upon the employer to offer work, and similarly, there is no obligation for the worker to accept it. A 'casual worker' is the correct term to define workers who do not have (26)_____ hours of work but instead supply services on an irregular, flexible basis when the employer needs them. A 'worker' is not, therefore, an 'employee'. This is an important distinction, as employees enjoy significantly better protection under the law.
Although workers do have basic rights, for example, the right to a national minimum (27)_____, the right not to be unlawfully discriminated against and the right to sick pay, but they are denied other important rights. For example, casual workers do not have the same rights when it comes to issues such as maternity or paternity pay, (28)_____ pay in the event that there is not enough work available and the right not to be unfairly (29)_____. These contracts are very unpopular with trade unions, who argue that employers are using this type of contract as a way of denying workers the benefits which they would otherwise be entitled to under current employment
(30)_____ As a result of public criticism, the Eurona government held an independent review to analyse the use of these contracts. In June 2016, Eurona Business Secretary, Zoro, concluded that zero-hour contracts were not to be declared (31)_____, as he considered that many groups of people benefited from them. However, he did change the law in order to prevent employers from banning casual workers from working elsewhere when bound by a zero-hour contract. This is not the end of the story, however. The use of zero-hour contracts is extremely popular in the food and retail (32)_____of the Eurona economy.
For example, McDonald's and Burger King have recently disclosed that they use this type of contract for over 80% of their workers in the Eurona and another high-street giant, Sports Direct, has admitted that 90% of its workers are under this type of contract. However, the latter (33)_____ a legal challenge in November 2016 when Tera Phera filed a claim against the company in a Eurona Employment Tribunal. Tera Phera claimed that although she was contracted as a casual worker for Sports Direct, she had the same responsibilities and duties as an employee but without receiving the benefits of an employee. A (34)_____ was reached according to which Sports Direct is now required at the time of advertising for future zero-hours staff to expressly state that the role does not (35)_____ work. The company must also produce clear written policies setting out what sick pay and paid holiday their zero-hours staff are entitled to.
A fixed
In accordance to the context, ‘casual workers’ are those who do not have ‘fixed’ hours of working. Note that ‘secure’ and ‘firm’ are irrelevant, while ‘stable’ is not applicable in this context.
Question 27
Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.
Under a zero-hour contract, a party described as a 'casual worker' has a contract with an employer, but the contract may be of little benefit as its provisions do not (25)_____ any obligation upon the employer to offer work, and similarly, there is no obligation for the worker to accept it. A 'casual worker' is the correct term to define workers who do not have (26)_____ hours of work but instead supply services on an irregular, flexible basis when the employer needs them. A 'worker' is not, therefore, an 'employee'. This is an important distinction, as employees enjoy significantly better protection under the law.
Although workers do have basic rights, for example, the right to a national minimum (27)_____, the right not to be unlawfully discriminated against and the right to sick pay, but they are denied other important rights. For example, casual workers do not have the same rights when it comes to issues such as maternity or paternity pay, (28)_____ pay in the event that there is not enough work available and the right not to be unfairly (29)_____. These contracts are very unpopular with trade unions, who argue that employers are using this type of contract as a way of denying workers the benefits which they would otherwise be entitled to under current employment
(30)_____ As a result of public criticism, the Eurona government held an independent review to analyse the use of these contracts. In June 2016, Eurona Business Secretary, Zoro, concluded that zero-hour contracts were not to be declared (31)_____, as he considered that many groups of people benefited from them. However, he did change the law in order to prevent employers from banning casual workers from working elsewhere when bound by a zero-hour contract. This is not the end of the story, however. The use of zero-hour contracts is extremely popular in the food and retail (32)_____of the Eurona economy.
For example, McDonald's and Burger King have recently disclosed that they use this type of contract for over 80% of their workers in the Eurona and another high-street giant, Sports Direct, has admitted that 90% of its workers are under this type of contract. However, the latter (33)_____ a legal challenge in November 2016 when Tera Phera filed a claim against the company in a Eurona Employment Tribunal. Tera Phera claimed that although she was contracted as a casual worker for Sports Direct, she had the same responsibilities and duties as an employee but without receiving the benefits of an employee. A (34)_____ was reached according to which Sports Direct is now required at the time of advertising for future zero-hours staff to expressly state that the role does not (35)_____ work. The company must also produce clear written policies setting out what sick pay and paid holiday their zero-hours staff are entitled to.
Under a zero-hour contract, a party described as a 'casual worker' has a contract with an employer, but the contract may be of little benefit as its provisions do not (25)_____ any obligation upon the employer to offer work, and similarly, there is no obligation for the worker to accept it. A 'casual worker' is the correct term to define workers who do not have (26)_____ hours of work but instead supply services on an irregular, flexible basis when the employer needs them. A 'worker' is not, therefore, an 'employee'. This is an important distinction, as employees enjoy significantly better protection under the law.
Although workers do have basic rights, for example, the right to a national minimum (27)_____, the right not to be unlawfully discriminated against and the right to sick pay, but they are denied other important rights. For example, casual workers do not have the same rights when it comes to issues such as maternity or paternity pay, (28)_____ pay in the event that there is not enough work available and the right not to be unfairly (29)_____. These contracts are very unpopular with trade unions, who argue that employers are using this type of contract as a way of denying workers the benefits which they would otherwise be entitled to under current employment
(30)_____ As a result of public criticism, the Eurona government held an independent review to analyse the use of these contracts. In June 2016, Eurona Business Secretary, Zoro, concluded that zero-hour contracts were not to be declared (31)_____, as he considered that many groups of people benefited from them. However, he did change the law in order to prevent employers from banning casual workers from working elsewhere when bound by a zero-hour contract. This is not the end of the story, however. The use of zero-hour contracts is extremely popular in the food and retail (32)_____of the Eurona economy.
For example, McDonald's and Burger King have recently disclosed that they use this type of contract for over 80% of their workers in the Eurona and another high-street giant, Sports Direct, has admitted that 90% of its workers are under this type of contract. However, the latter (33)_____ a legal challenge in November 2016 when Tera Phera filed a claim against the company in a Eurona Employment Tribunal. Tera Phera claimed that although she was contracted as a casual worker for Sports Direct, she had the same responsibilities and duties as an employee but without receiving the benefits of an employee. A (34)_____ was reached according to which Sports Direct is now required at the time of advertising for future zero-hours staff to expressly state that the role does not (35)_____ work. The company must also produce clear written policies setting out what sick pay and paid holiday their zero-hours staff are entitled to.
B wage
The appropriate word to complete the phrase ‘national minimum’ would be ‘wage’. The other words are not applicable in this context.
Question 28
Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.
Under a zero-hour contract, a party described as a 'casual worker' has a contract with an employer, but the contract may be of little benefit as its provisions do not (25)_____ any obligation upon the employer to offer work, and similarly, there is no obligation for the worker to accept it. A 'casual worker' is the correct term to define workers who do not have (26)_____ hours of work but instead supply services on an irregular, flexible basis when the employer needs them. A 'worker' is not, therefore, an 'employee'. This is an important distinction, as employees enjoy significantly better protection under the law.
Although workers do have basic rights, for example, the right to a national minimum (27)_____, the right not to be unlawfully discriminated against and the right to sick pay, but they are denied other important rights. For example, casual workers do not have the same rights when it comes to issues such as maternity or paternity pay, (28)_____ pay in the event that there is not enough work available and the right not to be unfairly (29)_____. These contracts are very unpopular with trade unions, who argue that employers are using this type of contract as a way of denying workers the benefits which they would otherwise be entitled to under current employment
(30)_____ As a result of public criticism, the Eurona government held an independent review to analyse the use of these contracts. In June 2016, Eurona Business Secretary, Zoro, concluded that zero-hour contracts were not to be declared (31)_____, as he considered that many groups of people benefited from them. However, he did change the law in order to prevent employers from banning casual workers from working elsewhere when bound by a zero-hour contract. This is not the end of the story, however. The use of zero-hour contracts is extremely popular in the food and retail (32)_____of the Eurona economy.
For example, McDonald's and Burger King have recently disclosed that they use this type of contract for over 80% of their workers in the Eurona and another high-street giant, Sports Direct, has admitted that 90% of its workers are under this type of contract. However, the latter (33)_____ a legal challenge in November 2016 when Tera Phera filed a claim against the company in a Eurona Employment Tribunal. Tera Phera claimed that although she was contracted as a casual worker for Sports Direct, she had the same responsibilities and duties as an employee but without receiving the benefits of an employee. A (34)_____ was reached according to which Sports Direct is now required at the time of advertising for future zero-hours staff to expressly state that the role does not (35)_____ work. The company must also produce clear written policies setting out what sick pay and paid holiday their zero-hours staff are entitled to.
Under a zero-hour contract, a party described as a 'casual worker' has a contract with an employer, but the contract may be of little benefit as its provisions do not (25)_____ any obligation upon the employer to offer work, and similarly, there is no obligation for the worker to accept it. A 'casual worker' is the correct term to define workers who do not have (26)_____ hours of work but instead supply services on an irregular, flexible basis when the employer needs them. A 'worker' is not, therefore, an 'employee'. This is an important distinction, as employees enjoy significantly better protection under the law.
Although workers do have basic rights, for example, the right to a national minimum (27)_____, the right not to be unlawfully discriminated against and the right to sick pay, but they are denied other important rights. For example, casual workers do not have the same rights when it comes to issues such as maternity or paternity pay, (28)_____ pay in the event that there is not enough work available and the right not to be unfairly (29)_____. These contracts are very unpopular with trade unions, who argue that employers are using this type of contract as a way of denying workers the benefits which they would otherwise be entitled to under current employment
(30)_____ As a result of public criticism, the Eurona government held an independent review to analyse the use of these contracts. In June 2016, Eurona Business Secretary, Zoro, concluded that zero-hour contracts were not to be declared (31)_____, as he considered that many groups of people benefited from them. However, he did change the law in order to prevent employers from banning casual workers from working elsewhere when bound by a zero-hour contract. This is not the end of the story, however. The use of zero-hour contracts is extremely popular in the food and retail (32)_____of the Eurona economy.
For example, McDonald's and Burger King have recently disclosed that they use this type of contract for over 80% of their workers in the Eurona and another high-street giant, Sports Direct, has admitted that 90% of its workers are under this type of contract. However, the latter (33)_____ a legal challenge in November 2016 when Tera Phera filed a claim against the company in a Eurona Employment Tribunal. Tera Phera claimed that although she was contracted as a casual worker for Sports Direct, she had the same responsibilities and duties as an employee but without receiving the benefits of an employee. A (34)_____ was reached according to which Sports Direct is now required at the time of advertising for future zero-hours staff to expressly state that the role does not (35)_____ work. The company must also produce clear written policies setting out what sick pay and paid holiday their zero-hours staff are entitled to.
B redundancy
The phrase following the blank is ‘in the event that there is not enough work available’ suggests that the pay should be for this situation. Hence the appropriate word is ‘redundancy,’ while the others are incorrect in this context.
Question 29
Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.
Under a zero-hour contract, a party described as a 'casual worker' has a contract with an employer, but the contract may be of little benefit as its provisions do not (25)_____ any obligation upon the employer to offer work, and similarly, there is no obligation for the worker to accept it. A 'casual worker' is the correct term to define workers who do not have (26)_____ hours of work but instead supply services on an irregular, flexible basis when the employer needs them. A 'worker' is not, therefore, an 'employee'. This is an important distinction, as employees enjoy significantly better protection under the law.
Although workers do have basic rights, for example, the right to a national minimum (27)_____, the right not to be unlawfully discriminated against and the right to sick pay, but they are denied other important rights. For example, casual workers do not have the same rights when it comes to issues such as maternity or paternity pay, (28)_____ pay in the event that there is not enough work available and the right not to be unfairly (29)_____. These contracts are very unpopular with trade unions, who argue that employers are using this type of contract as a way of denying workers the benefits which they would otherwise be entitled to under current employment
(30)_____ As a result of public criticism, the Eurona government held an independent review to analyse the use of these contracts. In June 2016, Eurona Business Secretary, Zoro, concluded that zero-hour contracts were not to be declared (31)_____, as he considered that many groups of people benefited from them. However, he did change the law in order to prevent employers from banning casual workers from working elsewhere when bound by a zero-hour contract. This is not the end of the story, however. The use of zero-hour contracts is extremely popular in the food and retail (32)_____of the Eurona economy.
For example, McDonald's and Burger King have recently disclosed that they use this type of contract for over 80% of their workers in the Eurona and another high-street giant, Sports Direct, has admitted that 90% of its workers are under this type of contract. However, the latter (33)_____ a legal challenge in November 2016 when Tera Phera filed a claim against the company in a Eurona Employment Tribunal. Tera Phera claimed that although she was contracted as a casual worker for Sports Direct, she had the same responsibilities and duties as an employee but without receiving the benefits of an employee. A (34)_____ was reached according to which Sports Direct is now required at the time of advertising for future zero-hours staff to expressly state that the role does not (35)_____ work. The company must also produce clear written policies setting out what sick pay and paid holiday their zero-hours staff are entitled to.
Under a zero-hour contract, a party described as a 'casual worker' has a contract with an employer, but the contract may be of little benefit as its provisions do not (25)_____ any obligation upon the employer to offer work, and similarly, there is no obligation for the worker to accept it. A 'casual worker' is the correct term to define workers who do not have (26)_____ hours of work but instead supply services on an irregular, flexible basis when the employer needs them. A 'worker' is not, therefore, an 'employee'. This is an important distinction, as employees enjoy significantly better protection under the law.
Although workers do have basic rights, for example, the right to a national minimum (27)_____, the right not to be unlawfully discriminated against and the right to sick pay, but they are denied other important rights. For example, casual workers do not have the same rights when it comes to issues such as maternity or paternity pay, (28)_____ pay in the event that there is not enough work available and the right not to be unfairly (29)_____. These contracts are very unpopular with trade unions, who argue that employers are using this type of contract as a way of denying workers the benefits which they would otherwise be entitled to under current employment
(30)_____ As a result of public criticism, the Eurona government held an independent review to analyse the use of these contracts. In June 2016, Eurona Business Secretary, Zoro, concluded that zero-hour contracts were not to be declared (31)_____, as he considered that many groups of people benefited from them. However, he did change the law in order to prevent employers from banning casual workers from working elsewhere when bound by a zero-hour contract. This is not the end of the story, however. The use of zero-hour contracts is extremely popular in the food and retail (32)_____of the Eurona economy.
For example, McDonald's and Burger King have recently disclosed that they use this type of contract for over 80% of their workers in the Eurona and another high-street giant, Sports Direct, has admitted that 90% of its workers are under this type of contract. However, the latter (33)_____ a legal challenge in November 2016 when Tera Phera filed a claim against the company in a Eurona Employment Tribunal. Tera Phera claimed that although she was contracted as a casual worker for Sports Direct, she had the same responsibilities and duties as an employee but without receiving the benefits of an employee. A (34)_____ was reached according to which Sports Direct is now required at the time of advertising for future zero-hours staff to expressly state that the role does not (35)_____ work. The company must also produce clear written policies setting out what sick pay and paid holiday their zero-hours staff are entitled to.
B discharged
The adjective ‘unfairly’ suggests that appropriate word is ‘dismissed’. Note that ‘discharged’ is used in the context of a hospital, prison or armed forced and ‘terminated’ is usually used for employment and not for the person himself. ‘laid off’ is inappropriate in this context as it is never described as unfairly.
Question 30
Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.
Under a zero-hour contract, a party described as a 'casual worker' has a contract with an employer, but the contract may be of little benefit as its provisions do not (25)_____ any obligation upon the employer to offer work, and similarly, there is no obligation for the worker to accept it. A 'casual worker' is the correct term to define workers who do not have (26)_____ hours of work but instead supply services on an irregular, flexible basis when the employer needs them. A 'worker' is not, therefore, an 'employee'. This is an important distinction, as employees enjoy significantly better protection under the law.
Although workers do have basic rights, for example, the right to a national minimum (27)_____, the right not to be unlawfully discriminated against and the right to sick pay, but they are denied other important rights. For example, casual workers do not have the same rights when it comes to issues such as maternity or paternity pay, (28)_____ pay in the event that there is not enough work available and the right not to be unfairly (29)_____. These contracts are very unpopular with trade unions, who argue that employers are using this type of contract as a way of denying workers the benefits which they would otherwise be entitled to under current employment
(30)_____ As a result of public criticism, the Eurona government held an independent review to analyse the use of these contracts. In June 2016, Eurona Business Secretary, Zoro, concluded that zero-hour contracts were not to be declared (31)_____, as he considered that many groups of people benefited from them. However, he did change the law in order to prevent employers from banning casual workers from working elsewhere when bound by a zero-hour contract. This is not the end of the story, however. The use of zero-hour contracts is extremely popular in the food and retail (32)_____of the Eurona economy.
For example, McDonald's and Burger King have recently disclosed that they use this type of contract for over 80% of their workers in the Eurona and another high-street giant, Sports Direct, has admitted that 90% of its workers are under this type of contract. However, the latter (33)_____ a legal challenge in November 2016 when Tera Phera filed a claim against the company in a Eurona Employment Tribunal. Tera Phera claimed that although she was contracted as a casual worker for Sports Direct, she had the same responsibilities and duties as an employee but without receiving the benefits of an employee. A (34)_____ was reached according to which Sports Direct is now required at the time of advertising for future zero-hours staff to expressly state that the role does not (35)_____ work. The company must also produce clear written policies setting out what sick pay and paid holiday their zero-hours staff are entitled to.
Under a zero-hour contract, a party described as a 'casual worker' has a contract with an employer, but the contract may be of little benefit as its provisions do not (25)_____ any obligation upon the employer to offer work, and similarly, there is no obligation for the worker to accept it. A 'casual worker' is the correct term to define workers who do not have (26)_____ hours of work but instead supply services on an irregular, flexible basis when the employer needs them. A 'worker' is not, therefore, an 'employee'. This is an important distinction, as employees enjoy significantly better protection under the law.
Although workers do have basic rights, for example, the right to a national minimum (27)_____, the right not to be unlawfully discriminated against and the right to sick pay, but they are denied other important rights. For example, casual workers do not have the same rights when it comes to issues such as maternity or paternity pay, (28)_____ pay in the event that there is not enough work available and the right not to be unfairly (29)_____. These contracts are very unpopular with trade unions, who argue that employers are using this type of contract as a way of denying workers the benefits which they would otherwise be entitled to under current employment
(30)_____ As a result of public criticism, the Eurona government held an independent review to analyse the use of these contracts. In June 2016, Eurona Business Secretary, Zoro, concluded that zero-hour contracts were not to be declared (31)_____, as he considered that many groups of people benefited from them. However, he did change the law in order to prevent employers from banning casual workers from working elsewhere when bound by a zero-hour contract. This is not the end of the story, however. The use of zero-hour contracts is extremely popular in the food and retail (32)_____of the Eurona economy.
For example, McDonald's and Burger King have recently disclosed that they use this type of contract for over 80% of their workers in the Eurona and another high-street giant, Sports Direct, has admitted that 90% of its workers are under this type of contract. However, the latter (33)_____ a legal challenge in November 2016 when Tera Phera filed a claim against the company in a Eurona Employment Tribunal. Tera Phera claimed that although she was contracted as a casual worker for Sports Direct, she had the same responsibilities and duties as an employee but without receiving the benefits of an employee. A (34)_____ was reached according to which Sports Direct is now required at the time of advertising for future zero-hours staff to expressly state that the role does not (35)_____ work. The company must also produce clear written policies setting out what sick pay and paid holiday their zero-hours staff are entitled to.
C legislations
While ‘codes’ is irrelevant in this context, ‘statutes’ and ‘acts’ are not appropriate. The meaning must be ‘under the prevailing employment laws’ which can be aptly phrased as ‘current employment legislation.’
Question 31
Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.
Under a zero-hour contract, a party described as a 'casual worker' has a contract with an employer, but the contract may be of little benefit as its provisions do not (25)_____ any obligation upon the employer to offer work, and similarly, there is no obligation for the worker to accept it. A 'casual worker' is the correct term to define workers who do not have (26)_____ hours of work but instead supply services on an irregular, flexible basis when the employer needs them. A 'worker' is not, therefore, an 'employee'. This is an important distinction, as employees enjoy significantly better protection under the law.
Although workers do have basic rights, for example, the right to a national minimum (27)_____, the right not to be unlawfully discriminated against and the right to sick pay, but they are denied other important rights. For example, casual workers do not have the same rights when it comes to issues such as maternity or paternity pay, (28)_____ pay in the event that there is not enough work available and the right not to be unfairly (29)_____. These contracts are very unpopular with trade unions, who argue that employers are using this type of contract as a way of denying workers the benefits which they would otherwise be entitled to under current employment
(30)_____ As a result of public criticism, the Eurona government held an independent review to analyse the use of these contracts. In June 2016, Eurona Business Secretary, Zoro, concluded that zero-hour contracts were not to be declared (31)_____, as he considered that many groups of people benefited from them. However, he did change the law in order to prevent employers from banning casual workers from working elsewhere when bound by a zero-hour contract. This is not the end of the story, however. The use of zero-hour contracts is extremely popular in the food and retail (32)_____of the Eurona economy.
For example, McDonald's and Burger King have recently disclosed that they use this type of contract for over 80% of their workers in the Eurona and another high-street giant, Sports Direct, has admitted that 90% of its workers are under this type of contract. However, the latter (33)_____ a legal challenge in November 2016 when Tera Phera filed a claim against the company in a Eurona Employment Tribunal. Tera Phera claimed that although she was contracted as a casual worker for Sports Direct, she had the same responsibilities and duties as an employee but without receiving the benefits of an employee. A (34)_____ was reached according to which Sports Direct is now required at the time of advertising for future zero-hours staff to expressly state that the role does not (35)_____ work. The company must also produce clear written policies setting out what sick pay and paid holiday their zero-hours staff are entitled to.
Under a zero-hour contract, a party described as a 'casual worker' has a contract with an employer, but the contract may be of little benefit as its provisions do not (25)_____ any obligation upon the employer to offer work, and similarly, there is no obligation for the worker to accept it. A 'casual worker' is the correct term to define workers who do not have (26)_____ hours of work but instead supply services on an irregular, flexible basis when the employer needs them. A 'worker' is not, therefore, an 'employee'. This is an important distinction, as employees enjoy significantly better protection under the law.
Although workers do have basic rights, for example, the right to a national minimum (27)_____, the right not to be unlawfully discriminated against and the right to sick pay, but they are denied other important rights. For example, casual workers do not have the same rights when it comes to issues such as maternity or paternity pay, (28)_____ pay in the event that there is not enough work available and the right not to be unfairly (29)_____. These contracts are very unpopular with trade unions, who argue that employers are using this type of contract as a way of denying workers the benefits which they would otherwise be entitled to under current employment
(30)_____ As a result of public criticism, the Eurona government held an independent review to analyse the use of these contracts. In June 2016, Eurona Business Secretary, Zoro, concluded that zero-hour contracts were not to be declared (31)_____, as he considered that many groups of people benefited from them. However, he did change the law in order to prevent employers from banning casual workers from working elsewhere when bound by a zero-hour contract. This is not the end of the story, however. The use of zero-hour contracts is extremely popular in the food and retail (32)_____of the Eurona economy.
For example, McDonald's and Burger King have recently disclosed that they use this type of contract for over 80% of their workers in the Eurona and another high-street giant, Sports Direct, has admitted that 90% of its workers are under this type of contract. However, the latter (33)_____ a legal challenge in November 2016 when Tera Phera filed a claim against the company in a Eurona Employment Tribunal. Tera Phera claimed that although she was contracted as a casual worker for Sports Direct, she had the same responsibilities and duties as an employee but without receiving the benefits of an employee. A (34)_____ was reached according to which Sports Direct is now required at the time of advertising for future zero-hours staff to expressly state that the role does not (35)_____ work. The company must also produce clear written policies setting out what sick pay and paid holiday their zero-hours staff are entitled to.
A unlawful
Here ‘illegitimate’ and ‘felonious’ are irrelevant in describing ‘zero-hour contracts,’ while ‘illegal’ is usually used for ‘something which is forbidden by law,’ and not for something which violates certain sections or provisions of the legislation. This is best described as ‘unlawful.’
Question 32
Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.
Under a zero-hour contract, a party described as a 'casual worker' has a contract with an employer, but the contract may be of little benefit as its provisions do not (25)_____ any obligation upon the employer to offer work, and similarly, there is no obligation for the worker to accept it. A 'casual worker' is the correct term to define workers who do not have (26)_____ hours of work but instead supply services on an irregular, flexible basis when the employer needs them. A 'worker' is not, therefore, an 'employee'. This is an important distinction, as employees enjoy significantly better protection under the law.
Although workers do have basic rights, for example, the right to a national minimum (27)_____, the right not to be unlawfully discriminated against and the right to sick pay, but they are denied other important rights. For example, casual workers do not have the same rights when it comes to issues such as maternity or paternity pay, (28)_____ pay in the event that there is not enough work available and the right not to be unfairly (29)_____. These contracts are very unpopular with trade unions, who argue that employers are using this type of contract as a way of denying workers the benefits which they would otherwise be entitled to under current employment
(30)_____ As a result of public criticism, the Eurona government held an independent review to analyse the use of these contracts. In June 2016, Eurona Business Secretary, Zoro, concluded that zero-hour contracts were not to be declared (31)_____, as he considered that many groups of people benefited from them. However, he did change the law in order to prevent employers from banning casual workers from working elsewhere when bound by a zero-hour contract. This is not the end of the story, however. The use of zero-hour contracts is extremely popular in the food and retail (32)_____of the Eurona economy.
For example, McDonald's and Burger King have recently disclosed that they use this type of contract for over 80% of their workers in the Eurona and another high-street giant, Sports Direct, has admitted that 90% of its workers are under this type of contract. However, the latter (33)_____ a legal challenge in November 2016 when Tera Phera filed a claim against the company in a Eurona Employment Tribunal. Tera Phera claimed that although she was contracted as a casual worker for Sports Direct, she had the same responsibilities and duties as an employee but without receiving the benefits of an employee. A (34)_____ was reached according to which Sports Direct is now required at the time of advertising for future zero-hours staff to expressly state that the role does not (35)_____ work. The company must also produce clear written policies setting out what sick pay and paid holiday their zero-hours staff are entitled to.
Under a zero-hour contract, a party described as a 'casual worker' has a contract with an employer, but the contract may be of little benefit as its provisions do not (25)_____ any obligation upon the employer to offer work, and similarly, there is no obligation for the worker to accept it. A 'casual worker' is the correct term to define workers who do not have (26)_____ hours of work but instead supply services on an irregular, flexible basis when the employer needs them. A 'worker' is not, therefore, an 'employee'. This is an important distinction, as employees enjoy significantly better protection under the law.
Although workers do have basic rights, for example, the right to a national minimum (27)_____, the right not to be unlawfully discriminated against and the right to sick pay, but they are denied other important rights. For example, casual workers do not have the same rights when it comes to issues such as maternity or paternity pay, (28)_____ pay in the event that there is not enough work available and the right not to be unfairly (29)_____. These contracts are very unpopular with trade unions, who argue that employers are using this type of contract as a way of denying workers the benefits which they would otherwise be entitled to under current employment
(30)_____ As a result of public criticism, the Eurona government held an independent review to analyse the use of these contracts. In June 2016, Eurona Business Secretary, Zoro, concluded that zero-hour contracts were not to be declared (31)_____, as he considered that many groups of people benefited from them. However, he did change the law in order to prevent employers from banning casual workers from working elsewhere when bound by a zero-hour contract. This is not the end of the story, however. The use of zero-hour contracts is extremely popular in the food and retail (32)_____of the Eurona economy.
For example, McDonald's and Burger King have recently disclosed that they use this type of contract for over 80% of their workers in the Eurona and another high-street giant, Sports Direct, has admitted that 90% of its workers are under this type of contract. However, the latter (33)_____ a legal challenge in November 2016 when Tera Phera filed a claim against the company in a Eurona Employment Tribunal. Tera Phera claimed that although she was contracted as a casual worker for Sports Direct, she had the same responsibilities and duties as an employee but without receiving the benefits of an employee. A (34)_____ was reached according to which Sports Direct is now required at the time of advertising for future zero-hours staff to expressly state that the role does not (35)_____ work. The company must also produce clear written policies setting out what sick pay and paid holiday their zero-hours staff are entitled to.
C sectors
In describing the economy ‘zones’, ‘regions’ and ‘areas’ are incorrect.
Question 33
Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.
Under a zero-hour contract, a party described as a 'casual worker' has a contract with an employer, but the contract may be of little benefit as its provisions do not (25)_____ any obligation upon the employer to offer work, and similarly, there is no obligation for the worker to accept it. A 'casual worker' is the correct term to define workers who do not have (26)_____ hours of work but instead supply services on an irregular, flexible basis when the employer needs them. A 'worker' is not, therefore, an 'employee'. This is an important distinction, as employees enjoy significantly better protection under the law.
Although workers do have basic rights, for example, the right to a national minimum (27)_____, the right not to be unlawfully discriminated against and the right to sick pay, but they are denied other important rights. For example, casual workers do not have the same rights when it comes to issues such as maternity or paternity pay, (28)_____ pay in the event that there is not enough work available and the right not to be unfairly (29)_____. These contracts are very unpopular with trade unions, who argue that employers are using this type of contract as a way of denying workers the benefits which they would otherwise be entitled to under current employment
(30)_____ As a result of public criticism, the Eurona government held an independent review to analyse the use of these contracts. In June 2016, Eurona Business Secretary, Zoro, concluded that zero-hour contracts were not to be declared (31)_____, as he considered that many groups of people benefited from them. However, he did change the law in order to prevent employers from banning casual workers from working elsewhere when bound by a zero-hour contract. This is not the end of the story, however. The use of zero-hour contracts is extremely popular in the food and retail (32)_____of the Eurona economy.
For example, McDonald's and Burger King have recently disclosed that they use this type of contract for over 80% of their workers in the Eurona and another high-street giant, Sports Direct, has admitted that 90% of its workers are under this type of contract. However, the latter (33)_____ a legal challenge in November 2016 when Tera Phera filed a claim against the company in a Eurona Employment Tribunal. Tera Phera claimed that although she was contracted as a casual worker for Sports Direct, she had the same responsibilities and duties as an employee but without receiving the benefits of an employee. A (34)_____ was reached according to which Sports Direct is now required at the time of advertising for future zero-hours staff to expressly state that the role does not (35)_____ work. The company must also produce clear written policies setting out what sick pay and paid holiday their zero-hours staff are entitled to.
Under a zero-hour contract, a party described as a 'casual worker' has a contract with an employer, but the contract may be of little benefit as its provisions do not (25)_____ any obligation upon the employer to offer work, and similarly, there is no obligation for the worker to accept it. A 'casual worker' is the correct term to define workers who do not have (26)_____ hours of work but instead supply services on an irregular, flexible basis when the employer needs them. A 'worker' is not, therefore, an 'employee'. This is an important distinction, as employees enjoy significantly better protection under the law.
Although workers do have basic rights, for example, the right to a national minimum (27)_____, the right not to be unlawfully discriminated against and the right to sick pay, but they are denied other important rights. For example, casual workers do not have the same rights when it comes to issues such as maternity or paternity pay, (28)_____ pay in the event that there is not enough work available and the right not to be unfairly (29)_____. These contracts are very unpopular with trade unions, who argue that employers are using this type of contract as a way of denying workers the benefits which they would otherwise be entitled to under current employment
(30)_____ As a result of public criticism, the Eurona government held an independent review to analyse the use of these contracts. In June 2016, Eurona Business Secretary, Zoro, concluded that zero-hour contracts were not to be declared (31)_____, as he considered that many groups of people benefited from them. However, he did change the law in order to prevent employers from banning casual workers from working elsewhere when bound by a zero-hour contract. This is not the end of the story, however. The use of zero-hour contracts is extremely popular in the food and retail (32)_____of the Eurona economy.
For example, McDonald's and Burger King have recently disclosed that they use this type of contract for over 80% of their workers in the Eurona and another high-street giant, Sports Direct, has admitted that 90% of its workers are under this type of contract. However, the latter (33)_____ a legal challenge in November 2016 when Tera Phera filed a claim against the company in a Eurona Employment Tribunal. Tera Phera claimed that although she was contracted as a casual worker for Sports Direct, she had the same responsibilities and duties as an employee but without receiving the benefits of an employee. A (34)_____ was reached according to which Sports Direct is now required at the time of advertising for future zero-hours staff to expressly state that the role does not (35)_____ work. The company must also produce clear written policies setting out what sick pay and paid holiday their zero-hours staff are entitled to.
D faced
Usually ‘a legal challenge’ is ‘faced’ by a company. ‘suffered,’ ‘bore’ and ‘endured’ are completely irrelevant in this context.
Question 34
Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.
Under a zero-hour contract, a party described as a 'casual worker' has a contract with an employer, but the contract may be of little benefit as its provisions do not (25)_____ any obligation upon the employer to offer work, and similarly, there is no obligation for the worker to accept it. A 'casual worker' is the correct term to define workers who do not have (26)_____ hours of work but instead supply services on an irregular, flexible basis when the employer needs them. A 'worker' is not, therefore, an 'employee'. This is an important distinction, as employees enjoy significantly better protection under the law.
Although workers do have basic rights, for example, the right to a national minimum (27)_____, the right not to be unlawfully discriminated against and the right to sick pay, but they are denied other important rights. For example, casual workers do not have the same rights when it comes to issues such as maternity or paternity pay, (28)_____ pay in the event that there is not enough work available and the right not to be unfairly (29)_____. These contracts are very unpopular with trade unions, who argue that employers are using this type of contract as a way of denying workers the benefits which they would otherwise be entitled to under current employment
(30)_____ As a result of public criticism, the Eurona government held an independent review to analyse the use of these contracts. In June 2016, Eurona Business Secretary, Zoro, concluded that zero-hour contracts were not to be declared (31)_____, as he considered that many groups of people benefited from them. However, he did change the law in order to prevent employers from banning casual workers from working elsewhere when bound by a zero-hour contract. This is not the end of the story, however. The use of zero-hour contracts is extremely popular in the food and retail (32)_____of the Eurona economy.
For example, McDonald's and Burger King have recently disclosed that they use this type of contract for over 80% of their workers in the Eurona and another high-street giant, Sports Direct, has admitted that 90% of its workers are under this type of contract. However, the latter (33)_____ a legal challenge in November 2016 when Tera Phera filed a claim against the company in a Eurona Employment Tribunal. Tera Phera claimed that although she was contracted as a casual worker for Sports Direct, she had the same responsibilities and duties as an employee but without receiving the benefits of an employee. A (34)_____ was reached according to which Sports Direct is now required at the time of advertising for future zero-hours staff to expressly state that the role does not (35)_____ work. The company must also produce clear written policies setting out what sick pay and paid holiday their zero-hours staff are entitled to.
Under a zero-hour contract, a party described as a 'casual worker' has a contract with an employer, but the contract may be of little benefit as its provisions do not (25)_____ any obligation upon the employer to offer work, and similarly, there is no obligation for the worker to accept it. A 'casual worker' is the correct term to define workers who do not have (26)_____ hours of work but instead supply services on an irregular, flexible basis when the employer needs them. A 'worker' is not, therefore, an 'employee'. This is an important distinction, as employees enjoy significantly better protection under the law.
Although workers do have basic rights, for example, the right to a national minimum (27)_____, the right not to be unlawfully discriminated against and the right to sick pay, but they are denied other important rights. For example, casual workers do not have the same rights when it comes to issues such as maternity or paternity pay, (28)_____ pay in the event that there is not enough work available and the right not to be unfairly (29)_____. These contracts are very unpopular with trade unions, who argue that employers are using this type of contract as a way of denying workers the benefits which they would otherwise be entitled to under current employment
(30)_____ As a result of public criticism, the Eurona government held an independent review to analyse the use of these contracts. In June 2016, Eurona Business Secretary, Zoro, concluded that zero-hour contracts were not to be declared (31)_____, as he considered that many groups of people benefited from them. However, he did change the law in order to prevent employers from banning casual workers from working elsewhere when bound by a zero-hour contract. This is not the end of the story, however. The use of zero-hour contracts is extremely popular in the food and retail (32)_____of the Eurona economy.
For example, McDonald's and Burger King have recently disclosed that they use this type of contract for over 80% of their workers in the Eurona and another high-street giant, Sports Direct, has admitted that 90% of its workers are under this type of contract. However, the latter (33)_____ a legal challenge in November 2016 when Tera Phera filed a claim against the company in a Eurona Employment Tribunal. Tera Phera claimed that although she was contracted as a casual worker for Sports Direct, she had the same responsibilities and duties as an employee but without receiving the benefits of an employee. A (34)_____ was reached according to which Sports Direct is now required at the time of advertising for future zero-hours staff to expressly state that the role does not (35)_____ work. The company must also produce clear written policies setting out what sick pay and paid holiday their zero-hours staff are entitled to.
B settlement
‘Agreement’ is incorrect as the article ‘a’ cannot precede it. ‘Deal’ and ‘Decision’ are both inappropriate to be used with ‘reached.’
Question 35
Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.
Under a zero-hour contract, a party described as a 'casual worker' has a contract with an employer, but the contract may be of little benefit as its provisions do not (25)_____ any obligation upon the employer to offer work, and similarly, there is no obligation for the worker to accept it. A 'casual worker' is the correct term to define workers who do not have (26)_____ hours of work but instead supply services on an irregular, flexible basis when the employer needs them. A 'worker' is not, therefore, an 'employee'. This is an important distinction, as employees enjoy significantly better protection under the law.
Although workers do have basic rights, for example, the right to a national minimum (27)_____, the right not to be unlawfully discriminated against and the right to sick pay, but they are denied other important rights. For example, casual workers do not have the same rights when it comes to issues such as maternity or paternity pay, (28)_____ pay in the event that there is not enough work available and the right not to be unfairly (29)_____. These contracts are very unpopular with trade unions, who argue that employers are using this type of contract as a way of denying workers the benefits which they would otherwise be entitled to under current employment
(30)_____ As a result of public criticism, the Eurona government held an independent review to analyse the use of these contracts. In June 2016, Eurona Business Secretary, Zoro, concluded that zero-hour contracts were not to be declared (31)_____, as he considered that many groups of people benefited from them. However, he did change the law in order to prevent employers from banning casual workers from working elsewhere when bound by a zero-hour contract. This is not the end of the story, however. The use of zero-hour contracts is extremely popular in the food and retail (32)_____of the Eurona economy.
For example, McDonald's and Burger King have recently disclosed that they use this type of contract for over 80% of their workers in the Eurona and another high-street giant, Sports Direct, has admitted that 90% of its workers are under this type of contract. However, the latter (33)_____ a legal challenge in November 2016 when Tera Phera filed a claim against the company in a Eurona Employment Tribunal. Tera Phera claimed that although she was contracted as a casual worker for Sports Direct, she had the same responsibilities and duties as an employee but without receiving the benefits of an employee. A (34)_____ was reached according to which Sports Direct is now required at the time of advertising for future zero-hours staff to expressly state that the role does not (35)_____ work. The company must also produce clear written policies setting out what sick pay and paid holiday their zero-hours staff are entitled to.
Under a zero-hour contract, a party described as a 'casual worker' has a contract with an employer, but the contract may be of little benefit as its provisions do not (25)_____ any obligation upon the employer to offer work, and similarly, there is no obligation for the worker to accept it. A 'casual worker' is the correct term to define workers who do not have (26)_____ hours of work but instead supply services on an irregular, flexible basis when the employer needs them. A 'worker' is not, therefore, an 'employee'. This is an important distinction, as employees enjoy significantly better protection under the law.
Although workers do have basic rights, for example, the right to a national minimum (27)_____, the right not to be unlawfully discriminated against and the right to sick pay, but they are denied other important rights. For example, casual workers do not have the same rights when it comes to issues such as maternity or paternity pay, (28)_____ pay in the event that there is not enough work available and the right not to be unfairly (29)_____. These contracts are very unpopular with trade unions, who argue that employers are using this type of contract as a way of denying workers the benefits which they would otherwise be entitled to under current employment
(30)_____ As a result of public criticism, the Eurona government held an independent review to analyse the use of these contracts. In June 2016, Eurona Business Secretary, Zoro, concluded that zero-hour contracts were not to be declared (31)_____, as he considered that many groups of people benefited from them. However, he did change the law in order to prevent employers from banning casual workers from working elsewhere when bound by a zero-hour contract. This is not the end of the story, however. The use of zero-hour contracts is extremely popular in the food and retail (32)_____of the Eurona economy.
For example, McDonald's and Burger King have recently disclosed that they use this type of contract for over 80% of their workers in the Eurona and another high-street giant, Sports Direct, has admitted that 90% of its workers are under this type of contract. However, the latter (33)_____ a legal challenge in November 2016 when Tera Phera filed a claim against the company in a Eurona Employment Tribunal. Tera Phera claimed that although she was contracted as a casual worker for Sports Direct, she had the same responsibilities and duties as an employee but without receiving the benefits of an employee. A (34)_____ was reached according to which Sports Direct is now required at the time of advertising for future zero-hours staff to expressly state that the role does not (35)_____ work. The company must also produce clear written policies setting out what sick pay and paid holiday their zero-hours staff are entitled to.
C guarantee
The appropriate verb should be ‘guarantee,’ as it concerns what the contract states about work. ‘provide’ and ‘offer’ are irrelevant here, while ‘entitle’ goes beyond the scope of the passage.
Section: GENERAL KNOWLEDGE
Question 1
Which country recently decided to quit Commonwealth group?
A Maldives
Question 2
The official mascot of the 2018 FIFA World Cup is ______ who wears ______.
A Zabivaka, glasses
Question 3
In India, three women had held the post of Deputy Governor of RBI. Which of the following is not amongst them ?
C Dr. lsher J. Ahluwalia
Question 4
______World's largest refugee camp, which was in news recently, is located in ______.
A Dadaab, Kenya
Question 5
"Greenmail" is a type of
B Takeover Defence
Question 6
Which of the following labels are not owned by Yum Brands ?
C Burger King
Question 7
______ has become the first bank in India to introduce software robotics in power banking.
B ICICI
Question 8
________ is not a component of the Li Keqiang Index.
B Export
Question 9
Train travel insurance in India is available at a premium of _______ with effect from October 7, 2016.
C 92 paisa
Question 10
Which of the following banks overtook Wells Fargo as the most valuable bank in USA?
A J.S. Morgan Chase
Question 11
Nobel Prize in Economics for 2016 has been given to Oliver Hart and Bengt Holmstrom for their contribution to
A Contract Theory
Question 12
Why a small pouch containing silica gel is often found in bottles of medicine in tablet or powder form?
C It absorbs moisture
Question 13
The Union Government has decided to withdraw the benefit of subsidised LPG to the customers having income above
B Rs. 10 lakh
Question 14
What is beaufort Scale?
A Scale to measure wind speed
Question 15
Navtej Sarna who is recently appointed as an Ambassador of ______ was Ambassador of _____ earlier.
B USA, Israel
Question 16
What is the primary objective of the Governments in opting for deliberate devaluation of currency ?
C Boosts exports
Question 17
________ for States and ________ for Union Territories is the new limit of flexible fund decided by the government in the Centrally Sponsored Schemes in order to give more freedom of operation in these schemes.
A 25%, 30%
Question 18
Which of the following banks recently designated P. V. Sindhu and K. Srikanth as brand ambassadors?
D Bank of Baroda
Question 19
Which of the following are optical illusions?
D All of these
Question 20
Which of the following are Nocturnal in nature?
D All of these
Question 21
______ is the World's lightest material developed by ISRO scientists.
A Silica Aerogel
Question 22
Wi -Fi uses _____ in order to transmit data whereas Li
B radio waves, visible light
Question 23
_______ is used for constructing filament of the World's thinnest light bulb?
B Graphene
Question 24
Which of the following companies has hired World's first robot lawyer ROSS to assist its various teams in legal research?
C Baker Hostetler
Question 25
______ has invited India to join in developing next-generation nuclear reactors and also to participate in its fast reactor research project known as MBIR.
A Russia
Question 26
The scientists from _______ have developed a catalyst to render the drinking water E. Coli free.
D Indian Institute of Sciences
Question 27
India has launched its latest communication satellite GSAT
B French Guiana
Question 28
In which country the World's first baby was born from a new procedure that combines the DNA of three people?
D US
Question 29
International Day of Happiness is observed on ________ and _______ is adjudged as the happiest country in the World in World Happiness Report 2017 released by UN.
B March 20, Norway
Question 30
Which of the following seas of Antarctica has been declared as world's largest marine protected area?
D Ross Sea
Question 31
Ms. ______ from _______ has been crowned Miss International 2016.
B Kylie Verzosa, Philippines
Question 32
_______ has developed the concept of Human Development Index in ______ .
A Mehboob-ul-Haq, 1990
Question 33
The position of the Earth in its orbit, when it is at its greatest distance from the Sun causing summer in the Northern Hemisphere is
C Aphelion
Question 34
India won ______ medals in 2017 Special Olympics World Winter Games held in Austria.
A 73
Question 35
Recently a huge Dead Zone is discovered in
B Bay of Bengal
Section: LEGAL APTITUDE
Question 1
Given below is a statement of legal principle followed by a factual situation. Apply the principle to the facts given below and select the most appropriate answer.
Legal Principle: Contract is an agreement freely entered into between the parties. But when consent to an agreement is obtained by undue influence, the contract is voidable at the option of the party whose consent was so obtained.
Factual situation: The Pragya had been worked for a business man Anurag since the age of 18, working for a range of Anurag's businesses. In 2000, (aged 21) Pragya purchased a flat. In 2005, Mr. Anurag's business was facing financial difficulties, and he asked Pragya to offer up her flat as financial security against an overdraft facility for the business. In July of that year, the banks solicitors wrote to Pragya, advising that she should take independent legal advice before putting her property up as a security for the debt. The bank also notified Pragya that the guarantee was unlimited in both time and financial amount. Having discussed the arrangement with Anurag, Pragya was unaware of the extent of the borrowing, but was assured that her mortgage would not be called upon, and that his own properties which were also used as security would be looked at first. A charge was executed over the Pragya's property in August 2005. In 2009, Mr. Anurag's business went into liquidation and the bank formally demanded Rs. 60,24,912 from Pragya. Pragya raised the defence of undue influence
Whether the consent to offer the flat as financial security obtained through undue influence?
Legal Principle: Contract is an agreement freely entered into between the parties. But when consent to an agreement is obtained by undue influence, the contract is voidable at the option of the party whose consent was so obtained.
Factual situation: The Pragya had been worked for a business man Anurag since the age of 18, working for a range of Anurag's businesses. In 2000, (aged 21) Pragya purchased a flat. In 2005, Mr. Anurag's business was facing financial difficulties, and he asked Pragya to offer up her flat as financial security against an overdraft facility for the business. In July of that year, the banks solicitors wrote to Pragya, advising that she should take independent legal advice before putting her property up as a security for the debt. The bank also notified Pragya that the guarantee was unlimited in both time and financial amount. Having discussed the arrangement with Anurag, Pragya was unaware of the extent of the borrowing, but was assured that her mortgage would not be called upon, and that his own properties which were also used as security would be looked at first. A charge was executed over the Pragya's property in August 2005. In 2009, Mr. Anurag's business went into liquidation and the bank formally demanded Rs. 60,24,912 from Pragya. Pragya raised the defence of undue influence
Whether the consent to offer the flat as financial security obtained through undue influence?
C Yes, an employer/employee relationship was capable of developing into such a relationship for undue influence. There was no benefit to Pragya in the agreement. The lack of benefit to one party was evidence enough.
Anurag used his authority by making Pragya agree to unconscionable terms of the contract offering her flat as financial security for the business of another person and thereby exercised undue influence over Pragya. Hence, option (c) is the most appropriate answer.
Question 2
Given below is a statement of legal principle followed by a factual situation. Apply the principle to the facts given below and select the most appropriate answer.
Legal Principle: Contract is an agreement freely entered into between the parties. But when consent to an agreement is obtained by undue influence, the contract is voidable at the option of the party whose consent was so obtained.
Factual situation: The Pragya had been worked for a business man Anurag since the age of 18, working for a range of Anurag's businesses. In 2000, (aged 21) Pragya purchased a flat. In 2005, Mr. Anurag's business was facing financial difficulties, and he asked Pragya to offer up her flat as financial security against an overdraft facility for the business. In July of that year, the banks solicitors wrote to Pragya, advising that she should take independent legal advice before putting her property up as a security for the debt. The bank also notified Pragya that the guarantee was unlimited in both time and financial amount. Having discussed the arrangement with Anurag, Pragya was unaware of the extent of the borrowing, but was assured that her mortgage would not be called upon, and that his own properties which were also used as security would be looked at first. A charge was executed over the Pragya's property in August 2005. In 2009, Mr. Anurag's business went into liquidation and the bank formally demanded Rs. 60,24,912 from Pragya. Pragya raised the defence of undue influence — stating that Mr. Anurag had induced her to enter into the agreement, and the bank had full knowledge/notice of this undue influence which should set aside the banks right to enforce the debt recovery against Pragya. Bank is contending that there is no undue influence.
Irrespective of your answer to Q. 71, assume it is a case of undue influence. Decide whether the bank has done enough to allay concerns of undue influence?
Legal Principle: Contract is an agreement freely entered into between the parties. But when consent to an agreement is obtained by undue influence, the contract is voidable at the option of the party whose consent was so obtained.
Factual situation: The Pragya had been worked for a business man Anurag since the age of 18, working for a range of Anurag's businesses. In 2000, (aged 21) Pragya purchased a flat. In 2005, Mr. Anurag's business was facing financial difficulties, and he asked Pragya to offer up her flat as financial security against an overdraft facility for the business. In July of that year, the banks solicitors wrote to Pragya, advising that she should take independent legal advice before putting her property up as a security for the debt. The bank also notified Pragya that the guarantee was unlimited in both time and financial amount. Having discussed the arrangement with Anurag, Pragya was unaware of the extent of the borrowing, but was assured that her mortgage would not be called upon, and that his own properties which were also used as security would be looked at first. A charge was executed over the Pragya's property in August 2005. In 2009, Mr. Anurag's business went into liquidation and the bank formally demanded Rs. 60,24,912 from Pragya. Pragya raised the defence of undue influence — stating that Mr. Anurag had induced her to enter into the agreement, and the bank had full knowledge/notice of this undue influence which should set aside the banks right to enforce the debt recovery against Pragya. Bank is contending that there is no undue influence.
Irrespective of your answer to Q. 71, assume it is a case of undue influence. Decide whether the bank has done enough to allay concerns of undue influence?
A The bank had not made all reasonable steps to allay themselves of the concerns regarding undue influence. The fact that, on advice from the bank, the defendant did not seek independent advice, should have been taken as confirmation of undue influence.
Its given in the facts that Pragya was unaware of the extent of the borrowing. Also, the fact that she did not opt for independent legal advice proves that the Bank did not do much. The fact that, on advice from the bank, the defendant did not seek independent advice, should have been taken as confirmation of undue influence.
Question 3
Given below is a statement of legal principle followed by a factual situation. Apply the principle to the facts given below and select the most appropriate answer.
Legal Principle: The acceptance must be absolute and unqualified, leaving no ground for doubt or uncertainty. If the acceptance is conditional, no valid contract is formed, and the offer can be withdrawn at any moment till the absolute acceptance has taken place within reasonable time of such offer.
Factual situation: Delhi Government conducted an auction for the sale of license of wine shop. X offered the highest bid which was provisionally accepted “...subject to the confirmation of Chief Commissioner who may reject any bid without assigning any reasons.” Since X failed to deposit the required amount, Chief Commissioner rejected the bid. The government held X liable for the difference between the bid offered by him and the highest bid accepted in re-auction, and commenced proceedings for the recovery of the sum. It was contended on behalf of the government of Delhi that X was under a legal obligation to pay the difference as it was due to his default that a resale of the excise shop was ordered and hence X was liable for the deficiency in price and all expenses of such resale which was caused by his default.
Decide, giving reason, whether X is liable to make payment to the Delhi Government.
Legal Principle: The acceptance must be absolute and unqualified, leaving no ground for doubt or uncertainty. If the acceptance is conditional, no valid contract is formed, and the offer can be withdrawn at any moment till the absolute acceptance has taken place within reasonable time of such offer.
Factual situation: Delhi Government conducted an auction for the sale of license of wine shop. X offered the highest bid which was provisionally accepted “...subject to the confirmation of Chief Commissioner who may reject any bid without assigning any reasons.” Since X failed to deposit the required amount, Chief Commissioner rejected the bid. The government held X liable for the difference between the bid offered by him and the highest bid accepted in re-auction, and commenced proceedings for the recovery of the sum. It was contended on behalf of the government of Delhi that X was under a legal obligation to pay the difference as it was due to his default that a resale of the excise shop was ordered and hence X was liable for the deficiency in price and all expenses of such resale which was caused by his default.
Decide, giving reason, whether X is liable to make payment to the Delhi Government.
D No, contract for sale was not complete till the bid was confirmed by the Chief Commissioner and till such confirmation; the bidder was entitled to withdraw the bid.
In the given facts, the acceptance of the Delhi Government was conditional; the Chief Commissioner was to decide whether the action bid by X was formally accepted or not. Until the acceptance was absolute, they could have been no legal obligations and rights on behalf of either of the parties. The bid was rejected by the Chief Commissioner on the pretext that X did not pay the required amount, but as there was no contract until the Chief actually accepted the contract. Hence, X was not liable to pay any amount whatsoever.
Question 4
Given below is a statement of legal principle followed by a factual situation. Apply the principle to the facts given below and select the most appropriate answer.
Legal Principle: Employers/Principles are vicariously liable, under the respondeat superior doctrine, for negligent acts or omissions by their employees/agents in the course of employment/agency. A servant/agent may be defined as any person employed by another to do work for him on the terms that he, the servant/agent, is to be subject to the control and directions of his employer/principal in respect of the manner in which his work is to be done.
Factual situation: A motor car was owned by and registered and insured in the name of A (wife) but was regarded by her and her husband (B) as "our car." B used it to go to work, and A for shopping at the weekends. B told A that if ever he was drunk and unfit to drive through, he would get a sober friend to drive him or else telephone her to come and fetch him. On the day in question the husband telephoned the wife after work and told her that he was going out with friends. He visited a number of public houses and had drinks. At some stage, he realised that he was unable to drive safely and asked a friend, C, to drive. C drove them to other public houses. After the last had been visited C offered the three friends (X, Y and Z) a lift and they got in, together with B who was in a soporific condition. C then proceeded, at his own suggestion, to drive in a direction away from the B's home to have a meal. On the way, due to C's negligent driving, an accident occurred in which both B and C were killed and the other friends got injured. X, Y and Z brought an action against the wife both in her personal capacity and as administratrix of the husband's estate. Decide whether A is liable.
Decision :
Legal Principle: Employers/Principles are vicariously liable, under the respondeat superior doctrine, for negligent acts or omissions by their employees/agents in the course of employment/agency. A servant/agent may be defined as any person employed by another to do work for him on the terms that he, the servant/agent, is to be subject to the control and directions of his employer/principal in respect of the manner in which his work is to be done.
Factual situation: A motor car was owned by and registered and insured in the name of A (wife) but was regarded by her and her husband (B) as "our car." B used it to go to work, and A for shopping at the weekends. B told A that if ever he was drunk and unfit to drive through, he would get a sober friend to drive him or else telephone her to come and fetch him. On the day in question the husband telephoned the wife after work and told her that he was going out with friends. He visited a number of public houses and had drinks. At some stage, he realised that he was unable to drive safely and asked a friend, C, to drive. C drove them to other public houses. After the last had been visited C offered the three friends (X, Y and Z) a lift and they got in, together with B who was in a soporific condition. C then proceeded, at his own suggestion, to drive in a direction away from the B's home to have a meal. On the way, due to C's negligent driving, an accident occurred in which both B and C were killed and the other friends got injured. X, Y and Z brought an action against the wife both in her personal capacity and as administratrix of the husband's estate. Decide whether A is liable.
Decision :
B No, C had not been the wife's agent in driving the husband about as he had been doing at the time of the accident. To fix vicarious liability on the owner of a motor car in a case such as the present, it must be shown that the driver was using it for the owner's purposes under delegation of a task or duty.
In this case, A merely knew that C would be the person who would drive her husband back home in case B got too drunk to drive himself. There was no contract of employment between A and C and thus, A cannot be held liable for the actions of C.
Question 5
Given below is a statement of legal principle followed by a factual situation. Apply the principle to the facts given below and select the most appropriate answer.
Legal Principle:
1. Battery is the intentional causation of harmful or offensive contact with another's person without that person's consent.
2. When lawfully exercising power of arrest or some other statutory power a police officer had greater rights than an ordinary citizen to restrain another.
Factual situation: Two police officers on duty in a police car observed two women in the street who appeared to be soliciting for the purpose of prostitution. One of the women was known to the police as a prostitute but the other, X, was not a known prostitute. When the police officers requested X to get into the car for questioning she refused to do so and instead walked away from the car. One of the officers, a policewoman, got out of the car and followed X in order to question her regarding her identity and conduct and to caution her, if she was suspected of being a prostitute, in accordance with the approved police procedure for administering cautions for suspicious behaviour before charging a woman with being a prostitute. X refused to speak to the policewoman and walked away, whereupon the policewoman took hold of X's arm to detain her. X then swore at the policewoman and scratched the officer's arm with her fingernails. X was convicted of assaulting a police officer in the execution of her duty. She appealed against the conviction, contending that when the assault occurred the officer was not exercising her power of arrest and was acting beyond the scope of her duty in detaining X by taking hold of her arm. The police contended that the officer was acting in the execution of her duty when the assault occurred because the officer had good cause to detain X for the purpose of questioning her to see whether a caution for suspicious behaviour should be administered. Decide whether the police officer is liable for battery.
Decision:
Legal Principle:
1. Battery is the intentional causation of harmful or offensive contact with another's person without that person's consent.
2. When lawfully exercising power of arrest or some other statutory power a police officer had greater rights than an ordinary citizen to restrain another.
Factual situation: Two police officers on duty in a police car observed two women in the street who appeared to be soliciting for the purpose of prostitution. One of the women was known to the police as a prostitute but the other, X, was not a known prostitute. When the police officers requested X to get into the car for questioning she refused to do so and instead walked away from the car. One of the officers, a policewoman, got out of the car and followed X in order to question her regarding her identity and conduct and to caution her, if she was suspected of being a prostitute, in accordance with the approved police procedure for administering cautions for suspicious behaviour before charging a woman with being a prostitute. X refused to speak to the policewoman and walked away, whereupon the policewoman took hold of X's arm to detain her. X then swore at the policewoman and scratched the officer's arm with her fingernails. X was convicted of assaulting a police officer in the execution of her duty. She appealed against the conviction, contending that when the assault occurred the officer was not exercising her power of arrest and was acting beyond the scope of her duty in detaining X by taking hold of her arm. The police contended that the officer was acting in the execution of her duty when the assault occurred because the officer had good cause to detain X for the purpose of questioning her to see whether a caution for suspicious behaviour should be administered. Decide whether the police officer is liable for battery.
Decision:
C The fact that the reason the police officer detained X was to caution her regarding her suspicious behaviour render the officer's conduct lawful if in detaining her she used a degree of physical contact that went beyond lawful physical contact as between two ordinary citizens.
The fact that the reason the police officer detained X was to caution her regarding her suspicious behaviour render the officer's conduct lawful if in detaining her she used a degree of physical contact that went beyond lawful physical contact as between two ordinary citizens.
Question 6
Given below is a statement of legal principle followed by a factual situation. Apply the principle to the facts given below and select the most appropriate answer.
Legal Principle:
1. A careless person becomes liable for his negligence when he owed a duty of care to others.
2. Volenti non fit injura is defence to negligence.
Factual situation: K was a friend of L and was teaching her to drive. Prior to such an arrangement K had sought assurances from L that appropriate insurance had been purchased in the event of accident. On the third day, L was executing a simple manoeuvre at slow speed when she panicked which resulted in the car crashing into a lamp-post injuring K. L was subsequently convicted of driving without due care and attention. L denied liability to pay compensation to K on the ground of votenti non fit injuria and also that she was just learning to drive and was not in complete control of the vehicle. Decide.
Decision:
Legal Principle:
1. A careless person becomes liable for his negligence when he owed a duty of care to others.
2. Volenti non fit injura is defence to negligence.
Factual situation: K was a friend of L and was teaching her to drive. Prior to such an arrangement K had sought assurances from L that appropriate insurance had been purchased in the event of accident. On the third day, L was executing a simple manoeuvre at slow speed when she panicked which resulted in the car crashing into a lamp-post injuring K. L was subsequently convicted of driving without due care and attention. L denied liability to pay compensation to K on the ground of votenti non fit injuria and also that she was just learning to drive and was not in complete control of the vehicle. Decide.
Decision:
A L is liable as the defence of <em>volenti non fit injura</em> was not applicable. Secondly, that the duty of care owed by a learner driver to the public (including passengers) was to be measured against the same standard that would be applied to any other driver.
L is liable as the defence of volenti non fit injura was not applicable. Secondly, that the duty of care owed by a learner driver to the public (including passengers) was to be measured against the same standard that would be applied to any other driver.
Question 7
Given below is a statement of legal principle followed by a factual situation. Apply the principle to the facts given below and select the most appropriate answer.
Legal Principle: Article 19(1) (d) of the Constitution of India guarantees to all citizens the right to move freely throughout the territory of India. But at the same time, Article 19(5) empowers the State to impose reasonable restrictions on the freedom of movement on the ground of interest of general public.
Factual situation: Wearing of helmet is made compulsory for all two-wheeler riders by a law enacted by the State. The constitutionality of the law is questioned before the High Court on the ground that it violates Article 19(1) (d) of the petitioner. Will the petitioner succeed?
Decision:
Legal Principle: Article 19(1) (d) of the Constitution of India guarantees to all citizens the right to move freely throughout the territory of India. But at the same time, Article 19(5) empowers the State to impose reasonable restrictions on the freedom of movement on the ground of interest of general public.
Factual situation: Wearing of helmet is made compulsory for all two-wheeler riders by a law enacted by the State. The constitutionality of the law is questioned before the High Court on the ground that it violates Article 19(1) (d) of the petitioner. Will the petitioner succeed?
Decision:
B No, because the restriction is reasonable as it intends to protect interest of general public by preventing loss of lives of citizen of India.
The rationale to curtail the freedom to ride without wearing a helmet is to protect lives of riders in cases of accidents. Helmets have time and again proven to be life-savers by securing the most important part of the human body and imposing the use of the same is in the interest of the people.
Question 8
Given below is a statement of legal principle followed by a factual situation. Apply the principle to the facts given below and select the most appropriate answer.
Legal Principle: An unlawful interference with a person's use or enjoyment of land or some right over or in connection with it is a nuisance in tort. The fact that the plaintiff "came to the nuisance" by knowingly acquiring property in the vicinity of the defendant's premises is not a defense to nuisance. However, an act cannot be a nuisance if it is imperatively demanded by public convenience. Thus, when the public welfare requires it, a nuisance may be permitted for special purposes.
Factual situation: D owned and occupied an estate about two miles from RAF Wittering, an operational and training base for Harrier Jump Jets. D claimed that they suffered severe noise disturbance every time the Harrier pilots carried out training circuits: an average of 70 times a day. D alleged that the noise nuisance constituted a very serious interference with their enjoyment of their land. D instituted judicial proceedings against the defendants, the Ministry of Defence (MoD), damages amounting to Rs. 1,00,00,000.
The MoD denied liability and raised defence that the Harrier training was undertaken for the public benefit and that they had prescriptive right over the land as D had bought their property at a time when RAF Wittering was already established so he cannot claim compensation as he already knew about existence of RAF Wittering near his property.
Decision:
Legal Principle: An unlawful interference with a person's use or enjoyment of land or some right over or in connection with it is a nuisance in tort. The fact that the plaintiff "came to the nuisance" by knowingly acquiring property in the vicinity of the defendant's premises is not a defense to nuisance. However, an act cannot be a nuisance if it is imperatively demanded by public convenience. Thus, when the public welfare requires it, a nuisance may be permitted for special purposes.
Factual situation: D owned and occupied an estate about two miles from RAF Wittering, an operational and training base for Harrier Jump Jets. D claimed that they suffered severe noise disturbance every time the Harrier pilots carried out training circuits: an average of 70 times a day. D alleged that the noise nuisance constituted a very serious interference with their enjoyment of their land. D instituted judicial proceedings against the defendants, the Ministry of Defence (MoD), damages amounting to Rs. 1,00,00,000.
The MoD denied liability and raised defence that the Harrier training was undertaken for the public benefit and that they had prescriptive right over the land as D had bought their property at a time when RAF Wittering was already established so he cannot claim compensation as he already knew about existence of RAF Wittering near his property.
Decision:
B The Harrier training is not an ordinary use of land and that although there was a public benefit to the continued training of Harrier pilots, D should not be required to bear the cost of the public benefit.
The Harrier training is not an ordinary use of land and that although there was a public benefit to the continued training of Harrier pilots, D should not be required to bear the cost of the public benefit.
Question 9
Given below is a statement of legal principle followed by a factual situation. Apply the principle to the facts given below and select the most appropriate answer.
Legal Principle:
1. Negligence is the absence of care on the part of one party which results in some damage to the other Party.
2. Generally, a person is under no duty to control another to prevent his doing damage to a third Party.
3. The foreseeability test basically asks whether the person causing the injury should have reasonably foreseen the general consequences that would result because of his or her conduct.
4. Statutory authority implies that an act is done by a person to fulfil his duty imposed by the State. Statutory authority is a valid defence under the law of torts.
Factual situation: Ten borstal trainees were working on an island in a harbour in the custody and under the control of three officers. During the night, seven of them escaped. It was claimed that at the time of the escape the officers had retired to bed. The seven got on board a yacht, moored off the island and set it in motion. They collided with another yacht, the property of X and damaged it. X sued the Home office for the amount of the damage. Decide whether on the facts pleaded in the statement of claim the Home Office, its servants or agents owed any duty of care to X capable of giving rise to a liability in damages with respect to the detention of persons undergoing sentences of borstal training or with respect to the manner in which such persons were treated, employed, disciplined, controlled or supervised whilst undergoing such sentences.
Decision:
Legal Principle:
1. Negligence is the absence of care on the part of one party which results in some damage to the other Party.
2. Generally, a person is under no duty to control another to prevent his doing damage to a third Party.
3. The foreseeability test basically asks whether the person causing the injury should have reasonably foreseen the general consequences that would result because of his or her conduct.
4. Statutory authority implies that an act is done by a person to fulfil his duty imposed by the State. Statutory authority is a valid defence under the law of torts.
Factual situation: Ten borstal trainees were working on an island in a harbour in the custody and under the control of three officers. During the night, seven of them escaped. It was claimed that at the time of the escape the officers had retired to bed. The seven got on board a yacht, moored off the island and set it in motion. They collided with another yacht, the property of X and damaged it. X sued the Home office for the amount of the damage. Decide whether on the facts pleaded in the statement of claim the Home Office, its servants or agents owed any duty of care to X capable of giving rise to a liability in damages with respect to the detention of persons undergoing sentences of borstal training or with respect to the manner in which such persons were treated, employed, disciplined, controlled or supervised whilst undergoing such sentences.
Decision:
D The taking by the trainees of the nearby yacht and the causing of damage to the other yacht which belonged to X ought to have been foreseen by the borstal officers as likely to occur if they failed to exercise proper control or supervision; in the particular circumstances, the officers prima facie owed a duty of care to X.
As the employees failed to perform their duties, the employer, that is, the Home office is liable to pay compensation for the causally linked damage caused. The statutory function of the employees was to keep the trainees on the island under their supervision and not to let them escape and cause damage to people, thus, the excuse of statutory function is inapplicable.
Question 10
The following questions consist of two statements, one labelled as 'Assertion' and the other as 'Reason'. Read both the statements carefully and answer using the codes given below.
Assertion (A): The framers of the Indian Constitution were keen to preserve the democratic values to which Indians had attached the highest importance in their struggle for freedom.
Reason (R): The Constitution describes India as a Union of States, thereby implying the indestructible nature of its unity.
Assertion (A): The framers of the Indian Constitution were keen to preserve the democratic values to which Indians had attached the highest importance in their struggle for freedom.
Reason (R): The Constitution describes India as a Union of States, thereby implying the indestructible nature of its unity.
B Both A and R are true but R is not the true explanation of A
Both A and R are true but R is not the true explanation of A. Assertion talks about framing of Constitution while reason provides for nature of Indian Union.
Question 11
The following questions consist of two statements, one labelled as ‘Assertion’ and the other as ‘Reason’. Read both the statements carefully and answer using the codes given below.
Assertion (A): The “basic features” of the Constitution cannot be amended by exercising the power of Amendment under Article 368.
Reason (R): Though Fundamental Rights, as such are not immune from Amendment en bloc, particular Rights or Parts thereof may be held as “basic feature”.
Assertion (A): The “basic features” of the Constitution cannot be amended by exercising the power of Amendment under Article 368.
Reason (R): Though Fundamental Rights, as such are not immune from Amendment en bloc, particular Rights or Parts thereof may be held as “basic feature”.
B Both A and R are true but R is not the true explanation of A
Both A and R are true but R is not the true explanation of A. Assertion provides for meaning of basic feature while reason talks about amenability of basic feature.
Question 12
The following questions consist of two statements, one labelled as 'Assertion' and the other as 'Reason'. Read both the statements carefully and answer using the codes given below.
Assertion (A): Legislations which gives a wide power to the executive to select cases for special treatment, without indicating the policy, may be set aside as violative of equality.
Reason (R): Article 14 of the Constitution provides that the State shall not deny to any person equality before law or equal protection of laws within the territory of India.
Assertion (A): Legislations which gives a wide power to the executive to select cases for special treatment, without indicating the policy, may be set aside as violative of equality.
Reason (R): Article 14 of the Constitution provides that the State shall not deny to any person equality before law or equal protection of laws within the territory of India.
A Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. Since, Article 14 of the Constitution provides that the State shall not deny to any person equality before law or equal protection of laws within the territory of India therefore Legislations which gives a wide power to the executive to select cases for special treatment, without indicating the policy, may be set aside as violative of equality.
Question 13
The following questions consist of two statements, one labelled as 'Assertion' and the other as 'Reason'. Read both the statements carefully and answer using the codes given below.
Assertion (A): If the Constitution is flexible it may be playing at the whims and caprices of the ruling party.
Reason (R): The framers of the Indian Constitution were keen to avoid excessive rigidity.
Assertion (A): If the Constitution is flexible it may be playing at the whims and caprices of the ruling party.
Reason (R): The framers of the Indian Constitution were keen to avoid excessive rigidity.
A Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
If the Constitution is flexible it may be playing at the whims and caprices of the ruling party and hence the framers of the Indian Constitution were keen to avoid excessive rigidity. Both A and R are true and R is the true explanation of A.
Question 14
The following questions consist of two statements, one labelled as 'Assertion' and the other as 'Reason'. Read both the statements carefully and answer using the codes given below.
Assertion (A): A person suffering from AIDS can be restricted in his movements by law.
Reason (R): Where policy is laid down, discretion is not of reasonableness.
Assertion (A): A person suffering from AIDS can be restricted in his movements by law.
Reason (R): Where policy is laid down, discretion is not of reasonableness.
A Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
Since where policy is laid down, discretion is not of reasonableness therefore, a person suffering from AIDS can be restricted in his movements by law. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
Question 15
The following questions consist of two statements, one labelled as 'Assertion' and the other as 'Reason'. Read both the statements carefully and answer using the codes given below.
Assertion (A): If a convict is prepared to give an interview to journalists and video-graphers, the facility should be allowed to the latter.
Reason (R): Position of a person sentenced to death is not inferior to that of a citizen.
Assertion (A): If a convict is prepared to give an interview to journalists and video-graphers, the facility should be allowed to the latter.
Reason (R): Position of a person sentenced to death is not inferior to that of a citizen.
A Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
Since the position of a person sentenced to death is not inferior to that of a citizen therefore, if a convict is prepared to give an interview to journalists and video-graphers, the facility should be allowed to the latter. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
Question 16
The following questions consist of two statements, one labelled as 'Assertion' and the other as 'Reason'. Read both the statements carefully and answer using the codes given below.
Assertion (A): A files a false and frivolous civil suit against B and B wins the case, he cannot file another civil suit for damages and costs.
Reason (R): In a civil suit, damage of reputation is absent because the action is tried in public and if person wins his case then his reputation will be re-established.
Assertion (A): A files a false and frivolous civil suit against B and B wins the case, he cannot file another civil suit for damages and costs.
Reason (R): In a civil suit, damage of reputation is absent because the action is tried in public and if person wins his case then his reputation will be re-established.
B Both A and R are true but R is not the true explanation of A
Both A and R are true but R is not the true explanation of A. There is no co-relation between Assertion- Reason.
Question 17
A minority community may reserve upto seats for members ______ of its own community in an educational institution established and administered by it even if the institution receives aid from the State.
A 50%
50%
Question 18
After Delhi and Goa, which is the third Indian State to have child - friendly court?
C Telangana
Telangana
Question 19
Which of the following statements are true regarding the Constitution (One Hundred and First Amendment) Act, 2016?
I. GST Act is a comprehensive direct tax on manufacture, sale and consumption of goods and services throughout India.
II. The Act will transform India into a common market, harmonizing myriads of State and Central levies into a national goods and services tax which is expected to boost manufacturing and reduce corruption.
III. It provides for Constitution of a Goods and Services Tax Council by inserting Article 297A in the Constitution.
IV. GST will be based on input tax credit method.
I. GST Act is a comprehensive direct tax on manufacture, sale and consumption of goods and services throughout India.
II. The Act will transform India into a common market, harmonizing myriads of State and Central levies into a national goods and services tax which is expected to boost manufacturing and reduce corruption.
III. It provides for Constitution of a Goods and Services Tax Council by inserting Article 297A in the Constitution.
IV. GST will be based on input tax credit method.
B II, III and IV
II, III and IV
Question 20
Central Vigilance Commissioner shall hold office for a term of _____ years from the date on which he enters upon his office.
A 4
4
Question 21
In Youth Bar Association V. Union of India, the Supreme Court directed to upload copies of FIR within _______ hours on police website.
C 24
24
Question 22
India's first court-annexed mediation centre was established in
B Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu
Question 23
Which is the first country to allow voting through mobile phones?
A Estonia
Estonia
Question 24
All students graduating from academic year_______ onwards need to clear the All India Bar Examination in order to practice law in India.
B 2009-10
2009-10
Question 25
The people have a right, an inalienable, indisputable, indefeasible, divine right to that most dreaded and envied kind of knowledge - I mean, of the character and conduct of their rulers.? Who said this?
B John Adams
John Adams
Question 26
John Doe order in India is known as
A Ashok Kumar Order
Ashok Kumar Order
Question 27
In 2016, the Supreme Court has clarified that the "Third Gender" will include(s)
B Gays and Lesbians
Gays and Lesbians
Question 28
New Zealand Government has granted legal status of a person to a _______ after a legal battle of 140 years.
D River
River
Question 29
Which of the following Articles of the Constitution of India authorize the Chief Justice of India to request a retired Judge to join the Supreme Court?
B 128
128
Question 30
The 'Public Trust' the doctrine is related to
B Environment
Environment
Question 31
The Delhi High Court has asked Facebook to ban children below _______ years of age from creating an account.
B 13
13
Question 32
Which one of the following decided to set up a website, which will compare the World's Constitutions by themes online "to arm drafters with a better tool for Constitution design and writing"?
B Google
Google
Question 33
Mental Health Care Bill 2016 seeks to
1. Decriminalise suicide
2. Prohibit electro-convulsive therapy
3. Provide right to make Advance Directives
4. Provide for seclusion and solitary confinement in few cases
1. Decriminalise suicide
2. Prohibit electro-convulsive therapy
3. Provide right to make Advance Directives
4. Provide for seclusion and solitary confinement in few cases
C 1, 2 and 3
1, 2 and 3
Question 34
What is the new minimum wage of non-agricultural, unskilled workers of the Central Government as announced by the Union Government on August 30, 2016?
A Rs 350 per day
Rs 350 per day
Question 35
Maternity Benefits (Amendment) Bill, 2016 provides _______ weeks of full paid maternity leave to women who work in organized sector.
B 26
26
Section: REASONING
Question 1
Which of the following would be the most appropriate sequence of decisions in terms of immediacy starting from immediate to a long term solution?
A II, V, I
Question 2
Sakshi sought an appointment with Lalit to find out ways to help Kishen. Lalit is of the view that the company‘s responsibility is restricted to the workplace and it should not try to address the personal problems of employees. If Sakshi has to agree to Lalit‘s view, which of the solutions presented in the previous question would be weakened?
C Only V
Question 3
Which of the following statements, if true would weaken the decision to sack Kishen the most?
D Bhaskar was of the opinion that emotionally unstable persons, find it difficult to get back to normal working life.
Question 4
If Step V read "weeks of tepid slothful and weak ideas", then what would be Step IV read?
B of weeks and slothful tepid ideas weak
Question 5
If Step I read "it was the name bestowed upon him", then what would be the arrangement for Step VII?
D none of these
Question 6
If Step VI reads "workers must take a stand against working", then what will be the last word of Step III?
D none of these
Question 7
If Step III reads "the best way of promoting our sports", then what will be the arrangement of the input?
C sports best the of way our promoting
Question 8
If the given input is "it is good approach with care", then what will be Step IV?
B approach is a care good it with
Question 9
Which of the following cannot be true?
A M is in 1st team and H is in the 3rd
Question 10
All of the following could be in the same team as K, except
C I
Question 11
If J and K are in the 3rd team, which of the following players must be in 2nd?
D H
Question 12
Which of the following players could be in a team together?
B N, I, J
Question 13
The 3rd team could consist of the following except
D G, I, J
Question 14
The eighth person present, Rajnikant must be
B I and II
Question 15
If each person is placed directly opposite to his/her spouse, which of the following pairs must be married?
D Ruchir and Jia
Question 16
Which of the following persons is definitely not seated next to a person of same sex?
B Sonakshi
Question 17
If Ruchir would have exchanged his seat with a person sitting four places to his left, which of the following would have been true after the exchange?
A Only I
Question 18
Starting from a point M, Rohit walked 18 m towards South. He turned to his left and walked 25m. He then turned to his left and walked 25m. Then he turned to his left and walked 18m. He again turned to his left and walked 35m and reached a point P. What is the direction of P in respect of M?
D South-East
Question 19
Rashmi starts walking towards North. After walking 15 m she turns towards South. After walking 20 m, she turns towards East and walks 10 m. She then turns towards North and walks 5 m. How far is she from her original position and in which direction?
A 10 m, East
Question 20
Suraj reached the coffee shop 20 minutes before 8 : 50 h, and he came 30 minutes before Suman who reached 40 minutes late. What was the scheduled time of meeting?
B 8 : 20 h
Question 21
A bus for New Delhi leaves every two and half hour from Kashipur Bus Stand. An announcement was made at the bus stand that the bus for New Delhi has left 40 minutes ago and the next bus will leave at 18 h. At what time the announcement was made?
A 16 : 10 h
Question 22
If Kriti says, "Amrita's father Amar is the only son of my father-in-law, Arjun." Then how is Babita, who is the sister of Amrita, related to Arjun?
C Grand-daughter
Question 23
Marc is Robin's mother's father. Marc has three brothers. One of them has a grandson Anurag. Krish is the son of Anurag. Krish is related to Robin as
B Nephew
Question 24
'A + B' means A is the father of B, 'A - B' means that A is the wife of B, 'A × B' means that A is the brother of B and 'A ÷ B' means that A is the daughter of B. If 'S ÷ T × U + Z', which of the following is true?
D S and Z are cousins
Question 25
Select the odd one out.
D UTFH
Question 26
Select the odd one out.
C WXUV
Question 27
Find out the wrong number.
5, 7.5, 11.25, 17.5, 29.75, 50, 91.25
5, 7.5, 11.25, 17.5, 29.75, 50, 91.25
A 29.75
Question 28
Find out the wrong number.
10, 13, 26, 37, 51, 85, 154
10, 13, 26, 37, 51, 85, 154
B 51
Question 29
Find out the missing number/words.
ST39, UV43, WX47, ?
ST39, UV43, WX47, ?
C YZ51
Question 30
Find out the missing number/words.
13 (168) 13, 14 (181) 13, 15 (?) 13
13 (168) 13, 14 (181) 13, 15 (?) 13
D 194
Question 31
Columnist: Senators who are not firmly committed to a core set of beliefs will formulate new campaign strategies and moot points before each upcoming election. Senators are elected to serve multiple terms in office only if they formulate new campaign strategies and moot points before each upcoming election. Therefore, senators who are not firmly committed to a core set of beliefs are elected to serve multiple terms in office.
Which one of the following displays a flawed pattern of reasoning most closely parallel to that in the columnist's argument?
Which one of the following displays a flawed pattern of reasoning most closely parallel to that in the columnist's argument?
C A loyal person is a likeable person, for a loyal person always stands by her friends and a likeable person also always stands by her friends.
Question 32
Cuisine from the north of China is one of the most popular kinds of food in India. But this is not the case for Southern Chinese cuisine. In fact, in a recent survey, Southern Chinese cuisine was voted one of the least popular styles of cooking in the country.
Which one of the following, if true, most helps to resolve the apparent paradox described above?
Which one of the following, if true, most helps to resolve the apparent paradox described above?
A Southern Chinese cuisine frequently incorporates obscure ingredients that are difficult to locate, while the ingredients necessary to prepare Northern Chinese cuisine are easily found in most Indian grocery stores.
Question 33
A growing number of ecologists have begun to recommend lifting the ban on the hunting of leopards, which are not an endangered species, and on the international trade of leopard's skin. Why, then, do I continue to support the protection of leopards? For the same reason, that I oppose the hunting of people. Admittedly, there are far too many human beings on this planet to qualify us for inclusion on the list of endangered species. Still, I doubt the same ecologists endorsing the resumption of leopard hunting would use that fact to recommend the hunting of human beings.
Which one of the following, if true, would most weaken the author's argument?
Which one of the following, if true, would most weaken the author's argument?
D Leopards, now dangerously overpopulated, cannot be supported by their ecosystems.
Question 34
Experts musicologists believe that Beethoven wrote his last piano sonata in 1824, three years before his death. However, the manuscript of a piano sonata was recently discovered that bears Beethoven's name and dates from 1825. Clearly, the experts are mistaken because not every piece that Beethoven wrote was catalogued in his lifetime, and it is known that Beethoven continued to compose until just weeks before his death.
The reasoning in the argument is most vulnerable to which of the following criticisms?
The reasoning in the argument is most vulnerable to which of the following criticisms?
B An inconsistency that, as presented, has more than one possible resolution is treated as though only one resolution is possible.
Question 35
Some people fear that our first extra-terrestrial visitors will not be the friendly aliens envisaged in popular science fiction movies, but rather hostile invaders bent on global domination. This fear is groundless. Any alien civilisation that makes it to our planet must have acquired the wisdom to control war, or it would have destroyed itself long before contacting us.
The author bases the argument above on which of the following assumptions?
The author bases the argument above on which of the following assumptions?
C A civilisation that has learned to control war on its own planet will not wage war on another.
Section: MATHEMATICS
Question 1
A garden is rectangular in shape. A sum of Rs. 1,000 was spent to make the land usable at the rate of 25 paisa per m2. The breadth of the garden is 50 m. If the length of the garden is increased by 20 m, what will be the expenditure in rupees for making the land usable, at the same rate per m2?
A Rs. 1,250
Cost per m2 = 25 paise
Let the length of the garden be L initially.
Then area of the garden = 50L
So cost of making land usage = 50L x 25 = 1000 x 100
i.e. L = 80 metres
Hence new area = 100 x 50 = 5000 m2
So new cost = 5000 x 25/100 = Rs. 1250
Let the length of the garden be L initially.
Then area of the garden = 50L
So cost of making land usage = 50L x 25 = 1000 x 100
i.e. L = 80 metres
Hence new area = 100 x 50 = 5000 m2
So new cost = 5000 x 25/100 = Rs. 1250
Question 2
The sum of ages of a mother and daughter is 45 years. Five years ago, the product of their ages was four times the mother's age at that time. The present age of the mother is
C 36 years
Method-1: Using the options
(a) Mom’s present age = 38 years
Then daughter’s age = 45 – 38 = 7 years
The ages 5 years ago were 33 years and 2 years.
But 33 x 2 ≠ 4 x 33. So this is incorrect.
(b) Mom’s present age = 37 years
Then daughter’s age = 45 – 37 = 8 years
The ages 5 years ago were 32 years and 3 years.
But 32 x 3 ≠ 4 x 32. So this is also incorrect.
(c) Mom’s present age = 36 years
Then daughter’s age = 45 – 36 = 9 years
The ages 5 years ago were 31 years and 4 years.
And 31 x 4 = 4 x 33. So this is correct.
(d) Mon’s present age = 39 years
Then, daughter’s age = 45 – 39 = 6 years
The ages 5 years ago were 34 years and 1 year respectively,
But 31 x 1 ≠ 4 x 31, so this is also incorrect.
Method-2: Making equations
Let N and (45 – N) be the present age of the mother and her daughter.
Then their ages 5 years ago were (N – 5) and (40 – N) years.
So, (N – 5)(40 – N) = 4 x (N – 5)
i.e. 40 – N = 4 or N = 40 – 4 = 36 years
(a) Mom’s present age = 38 years
Then daughter’s age = 45 – 38 = 7 years
The ages 5 years ago were 33 years and 2 years.
But 33 x 2 ≠ 4 x 33. So this is incorrect.
(b) Mom’s present age = 37 years
Then daughter’s age = 45 – 37 = 8 years
The ages 5 years ago were 32 years and 3 years.
But 32 x 3 ≠ 4 x 32. So this is also incorrect.
(c) Mom’s present age = 36 years
Then daughter’s age = 45 – 36 = 9 years
The ages 5 years ago were 31 years and 4 years.
And 31 x 4 = 4 x 33. So this is correct.
(d) Mon’s present age = 39 years
Then, daughter’s age = 45 – 39 = 6 years
The ages 5 years ago were 34 years and 1 year respectively,
But 31 x 1 ≠ 4 x 31, so this is also incorrect.
Method-2: Making equations
Let N and (45 – N) be the present age of the mother and her daughter.
Then their ages 5 years ago were (N – 5) and (40 – N) years.
So, (N – 5)(40 – N) = 4 x (N – 5)
i.e. 40 – N = 4 or N = 40 – 4 = 36 years
Question 3
Today is Monday in a leap year. The day after 68 days will be
D Saturday
The answer to this question is not there in the given options! To select an answer we will need to consider the question as “The day on the 69th day will be”
We know that days of the week run in a 7-day cycle.
Now we need the day of the week for the 68th day
Number of odd/surplus days in 68 days = Remainder of 68/7 = 5
Hence counting 5 days from Monday we will reach Saturday!
We know that days of the week run in a 7-day cycle.
Now we need the day of the week for the 68th day
Number of odd/surplus days in 68 days = Remainder of 68/7 = 5
Hence counting 5 days from Monday we will reach Saturday!
Question 4
A streamer goes downstream from one port to another in 4 hours. It covers the same distance upstream in 5 hours. If the speed of stream is 2 km/h, the distance between the two ports is
A 80 km
Let the speed of the streamer in still water be B km/hr
Then, its effective speed when going upstream = (B – 2) km/hr
And its effective speed when going downstream = (B + 2) km/hr
If D be the distance between the ports:
Time to go downstream = Distance/Speed = D/(B + 2) = 4
i.e. D = 4(B + 2)
Also time to go upstream = D/(B – 2) = 5
i.e. D = 5(B – 2)
Equating the distances: 4B + 8 = 5B – 10
i.e. B = 18 km/hr
Hence, D = 4(18 + 2) = 80 kms
Then, its effective speed when going upstream = (B – 2) km/hr
And its effective speed when going downstream = (B + 2) km/hr
If D be the distance between the ports:
Time to go downstream = Distance/Speed = D/(B + 2) = 4
i.e. D = 4(B + 2)
Also time to go upstream = D/(B – 2) = 5
i.e. D = 5(B – 2)
Equating the distances: 4B + 8 = 5B – 10
i.e. B = 18 km/hr
Hence, D = 4(18 + 2) = 80 kms
Question 5
A train running at the rate of 40 km/h passes a man riding parallel to the railway line in the same direction at 25 km/h in 48 seconds. Find the length of the train in metres.
B 200 m
Speed of train = 40 km/hr
Speed of man = 25 km/hr
Since they move in the same direction, relative speed = 40 – 25 = 15 km/hr
i.e. Relative speed = 15 x 5/18 or 25/6 m/s
Now, Crossing distance = Relative Speed x Time
Here, the crossing distance would be the length of the train.
Hence, L = 25/6 x 48 = 200 metres
Speed of man = 25 km/hr
Since they move in the same direction, relative speed = 40 – 25 = 15 km/hr
i.e. Relative speed = 15 x 5/18 or 25/6 m/s
Now, Crossing distance = Relative Speed x Time
Here, the crossing distance would be the length of the train.
Hence, L = 25/6 x 48 = 200 metres
Question 6
Reema, Ruchi and Richa can make a painting in 15, 20 and 30 days, respectively. They undertake to make a painting for Rs. 810. The share of Reema exceeds that of Ruchi by
C Rs. 90
Let the work in making the painting be 60 units.
Then, using Rate = Work/Time:
Reema’s rate = 60/15 = 4 units/day
Ruchi’s rate = 60/20 = 3 units/day
Richa’s rate = 60/30 = 2 units/day
Now, money given to the persons will be proportional to their rates.
i.e. Ratio of the shares = 4 : 3 : 2
Hence Reema’s share = 4/9 x 810 = Rs. 360
And, Ruchi’s share = 3/9 x 810 = Rs. 270
Hence Reema’s share exceeds Ruchi’s share by Rs. 90
Then, using Rate = Work/Time:
Reema’s rate = 60/15 = 4 units/day
Ruchi’s rate = 60/20 = 3 units/day
Richa’s rate = 60/30 = 2 units/day
Now, money given to the persons will be proportional to their rates.
i.e. Ratio of the shares = 4 : 3 : 2
Hence Reema’s share = 4/9 x 810 = Rs. 360
And, Ruchi’s share = 3/9 x 810 = Rs. 270
Hence Reema’s share exceeds Ruchi’s share by Rs. 90
Question 7
Population of a city is 2,96,000 out of which 1,66,000 are males. 50% population is literate. If 70% males are literate, then the number of women who are literate is
D 31,800
Total Population = 2,96,000
Males = 1,66,000, so females = 1,30,000
Now, illiterates = 50% of 2,96,000 = 1,48,000
So literates = remaining 50% = 1,48,000
Also literate males = 70% of Males = 70/100 x 1,66,000 = 1,16,200
So clearly the remaining literates will be females.
i.e. Literate females = Total literates – literate males = 1,48,000 - 1,16,200 = 31,800
Males = 1,66,000, so females = 1,30,000
Now, illiterates = 50% of 2,96,000 = 1,48,000
So literates = remaining 50% = 1,48,000
Also literate males = 70% of Males = 70/100 x 1,66,000 = 1,16,200
So clearly the remaining literates will be females.
i.e. Literate females = Total literates – literate males = 1,48,000 - 1,16,200 = 31,800
Question 8
The average weight of 14 students was calculated as 71. But it was later found that the weight of one student had been wrongly entered as 42 instead of 56 and of another as 74 instead of 32. The correct average is
D 69
Initial average of 14 students = 71
So Initial total weight = 71 x 14 = 994
Now changing the weights of the two incorrect entries:
New total weight = 994 – 42 + 56 – 74 + 32 = 994 – 116 + 88 = 966
Hence correct average = 966/14 = 69
So Initial total weight = 71 x 14 = 994
Now changing the weights of the two incorrect entries:
New total weight = 994 – 42 + 56 – 74 + 32 = 994 – 116 + 88 = 966
Hence correct average = 966/14 = 69
Question 9
Four years ago, the ages of Ritu and Reena were in the ratio 5 : 6 respectively. Eight years from now the respective ratio of their ages will be 8 : 9. What is the sum of their ages at present?
A 52 years
Let the ages of Ritu and Reena four years ago be 5n and 6n.
Then present ages will be (5n + 4) and (6n + 4) years respectively.
Hence ages 8 years hence will be (5n + 12) and (6n + 12) years respectively.
So, (5n + 12)/(6n + 12) = 8/9
i.e. 45n + 108 = 48n + 96
i.e. 3n = 12 or n = 4
Hence sum of their present ages = 5n + 4 + 6n + 4 = 11 x 4 + 8 = 52 years
Then present ages will be (5n + 4) and (6n + 4) years respectively.
Hence ages 8 years hence will be (5n + 12) and (6n + 12) years respectively.
So, (5n + 12)/(6n + 12) = 8/9
i.e. 45n + 108 = 48n + 96
i.e. 3n = 12 or n = 4
Hence sum of their present ages = 5n + 4 + 6n + 4 = 11 x 4 + 8 = 52 years
Question 10
A shirt was sold at a profit of 15%. If its cost had been 5% less and it had been sold for Rs. 21 less, then the profit would have been 10%. Find the cost of the shirt.
D Rs. 200
Let the cost price of the shirt be Rs. C.
Then the usual selling price S = C + 15% of C = 1.15C
Now, in the hypothetical situation described:
New cost price = C – 5% of C = 0.95C
New selling price = S – 21 = 1.15C – 21
Since profit = 10% in this situation:
(1.15C – 21) = 0.95C + 10/100 x 0.95C
i.e. 1.15C – 21 = 0.95C x 1.1
i.e. 1.15C -21 = 1.045C
i.e. 0.105C = 21
or C = 21 x 1000/105 = Rs. 200
Then the usual selling price S = C + 15% of C = 1.15C
Now, in the hypothetical situation described:
New cost price = C – 5% of C = 0.95C
New selling price = S – 21 = 1.15C – 21
Since profit = 10% in this situation:
(1.15C – 21) = 0.95C + 10/100 x 0.95C
i.e. 1.15C – 21 = 0.95C x 1.1
i.e. 1.15C -21 = 1.045C
i.e. 0.105C = 21
or C = 21 x 1000/105 = Rs. 200
