Section: ENGLISH
Question 1
The author of the passage raises an objection to criticism of Black fiction like that by Addison 'Gayle as it
D Replaces political for literary criteria in evaluating such fiction.
The author states in the first paragraph “The recent work of Addison Gayle’s passes a judgement……by clear political standards”. Also in the beginning itself the author sets the context that Roger’s book has managed to alter the approach taken in many previous studies by making an attempt to apply literary rather than socio-political criteria. This makes choice “d” the correct answer.
Question 2
The primary concern of the author in the above passage is
A Reviewing the validity of a work of criticism
The author highlights the positives of the Rosenblatt’s work and also mentions the limitations of his work. He doesn’t recapitulates (summarize) the major points nor does he compares various (he did for just two) critical approaches to the subject. He does talk of the limitations as mentioned in choice “c” but that is not the primary concern of the author. This makes choice “a” the best answer.
Question 3
The author is of the opinion that Black Fiction would have been improved had Rosenblatt
D Calculated the relative literary merit of the novels he analyzed thematically.
In paragraph 4 the author states that “Rosenblatt’s work does leave certain aesthetic questions open…….; he even clearly states…yet his reluctance seems misplaced, especially since an attempt to appraise might have led to interesting results. So basically the author is trying to point out that his work would have been more complete had he studied the relative merit of the novels that he had analyzed thematically.
Question 4
Rosenblatt's discussion of Black Fiction is
B Critical but admiring
The author states in the last paragraph that that Rosenblatt’s “work makes for an astute and worthwhile study……Black fiction is tightly constructed, arid levelheaded and penetrating criticism is exemplified in its forthright and lucid style”. The positive adjectives that the author has assigned to Rosenblatt’s work makes “b” the correct choice.
Question 5
According to the given passage the author would be LEAST likely to approve of which among the following?
B Attempting a critical study which applies sociopolitical criteria to the autobiographies of Black authors
The author admires Rosenblatt’s work and in the first paragraph he states that Roger’s book has managed to alter the approach taken in many previous studies by making an attempt to apply literary rather than socio-political criteria. From this it could be inferred that the author would not approve of applying only social political while attempting a critical study of the autobiographies of Black authors and this makes choice “b” the correct choice.
Question 6
From the following options, which does the author not make use of while discussing Black Fiction?
D Definition of terms.
In the entire passage the author has not defined any terms and this makes choice “d” the correct answer. He has made use of examples – In paragraph 4 he states -“For example, certain novels have an appearance of structural diffusion.” Similarly he has made use of rhetorical questions and of comparison and contrast.
Question 7
Each of the following sentences contain four parts, marked a, b, c and d. One of these parts is incorrect. Indicate the letter of the incorrect part.
The Baby showed a noticeable (a)/ distaste for (b)/ these kinds (c)/ of prepared baby food (d).
The Baby showed a noticeable (a)/ distaste for (b)/ these kinds (c)/ of prepared baby food (d).
C these kind
The pronoun ‘these’ indicates that there are many kinds of “prepared baby food”. Hence this part must be corrected to ‘these kinds’ or ‘this kind’.
Question 8
Each of the following sentences contain four parts, marked a, b, c and d. One of these parts is incorrect. Indicate the letter of the incorrect part.
They cannot go camping right now (a)/ because (b)/ they are taking care of (c)/ a three-weeks-old baby (d).
They cannot go camping right now (a)/ because (b)/ they are taking care of (c)/ a three-weeks-old baby (d).
D a three-weeks-old baby
The phrase ‘three weeks old’ is an incorrect one, because when used as an adjective the duration is always in the singular (such as ‘a five year old boy’). Hence the correct phrase should be ‘three-week-old baby’.
Question 9
Each of the following sentences contain four parts, marked a, b, c and d. One of these parts is incorrect. Indicate the letter of the incorrect part.
If it (a)/ will rain (b)/ this afternoon, we will have (c)/ to cancel the picnic (d).
If it (a)/ will rain (b)/ this afternoon, we will have (c)/ to cancel the picnic (d).
B will rain
In this conditional statement, the first (if) clause must be in the simple present and the second main clause must be in the simple future tense. Hence the statement should be ‘If it rains this afternoon, we will have to cancel the picnic’.
Question 10
Each of the following sentences contain four parts, marked a, b, c and d. One of these parts is incorrect. Indicate the letter of the incorrect part.
Are (a)/ you familiar of (b)/ the latest (c)/ scientific developments in the field (d)?
Are (a)/ you familiar of (b)/ the latest (c)/ scientific developments in the field (d)?
B you familiar of
Usually the preposition used with the adjective ‘familiar’ is either ‘with’ or ‘to’. In this sentence, the correct usage would be ‘Are you familiar with the latest scientific developments in the field’.
Question 11
In the following questions, some of the sentences have errors and some have none. Find out which part of the sentence has an error.
Men are apt to (a)/ pick up holes (b)/ in the views of those whom they do not like, (c)/ No error (d).
Men are apt to (a)/ pick up holes (b)/ in the views of those whom they do not like, (c)/ No error (d).
B pick up holes
The correct idiom here would be ‘pick holes in’ which means ‘To make an effort to find flaws or negative aspects in something through excessive analysis or criticism’.
Question 12
In the following questions, some of the sentences have errors and some have none. Find out which part of the sentence has an error.
The myth that some races (a)/ are naturally superior than others (b)/ has now been fully demolished (c)/ No error (d).
The myth that some races (a)/ are naturally superior than others (b)/ has now been fully demolished (c)/ No error (d).
B are naturally superior than others
The preposition used with the adjective ‘superior’ is ‘to’ and not ‘than’ so the correct phrase would be ‘... some races are naturally superior to others ...’
Question 13
In the following questions, some of the sentences have errors and some have none. Find out which part of the sentence has an error.
The steep rise in the price of petroleum products (a)/ have affected (b)/ the economic development of the developing nations, (c)/ No error (d)
The steep rise in the price of petroleum products (a)/ have affected (b)/ the economic development of the developing nations, (c)/ No error (d)
B have affected
The subject of this statement is ‘The rise’ (steep is the adjective here) which is a singular one. Hence the verb should agree with this and must be corrected to ‘has affected’.
Question 14
In the following questions, some of the sentences have errors and some have none. Find out which part of the sentence has an error.
Kiran as well as Kamal (a)/ are leaving (b)/ for Mumbai, (c)/ No error (d)
Kiran as well as Kamal (a)/ are leaving (b)/ for Mumbai, (c)/ No error (d)
B are leaving
Here the subject of the sentence is ‘Kiran’. Note that the additive phrase ‘as well as Kamal’ does not change the subject, so it remains singular. Hence the verb should agree with it in the form ‘is leaving for Mumbai’.
Question 15
In the following questions, some of the sentences have errors and some have none. Find out which part of the sentence has an error.
Much water (a)/ has flown (b)/ under the bridge since then, (c)/ No error (d)
Much water (a)/ has flown (b)/ under the bridge since then, (c)/ No error (d)
B has flown
The error is one of incorrect verb form. Note that the third form of the verb ‘flow’ is “flowed”. The third form of the verb ‘fly’ is in fact “flown”, so clearly it is incorrect in this context.
Question 16
In the following questions, some of the sentences have errors and some have none. Find out which part of the sentence has an error.
Everyone of the men present here (a)/ has given a day's pay (b)/ as their contribution to the fund, (c)/ No error (d).
Everyone of the men present here (a)/ has given a day's pay (b)/ as their contribution to the fund, (c)/ No error (d).
C as their contribution to the fund,
Here the subject as can be identified from the phrase ‘every one of the men present here’ is a singular one (Any noun with the indefinite pronoun ‘Every’ is treated as a singular). The verb too is singular ‘has given’ in agreement with the subject. However the pronoun ‘their’ is in plural form so it is clearly incorrect and must be changed to ‘his’.
Question 17
In the following questions, some of the sentences have errors and some have none. Find out which part of the sentence has an error.
Found guilty (a)/ on murder (b)/ the accused was sentenced to death, (c)/ No error (d)
Found guilty (a)/ on murder (b)/ the accused was sentenced to death, (c)/ No error (d)
B on murder
The phrase ‘Found guilty on murder’ is incorrect and must be corrected to ‘Found guilty of murder’.
Question 18
Complete the sentences with suitable words indicating your option for each question
I saw ______ movie last night.
I saw ______ movie last night.
B a
Use the indefinite article ‘a’ to go with the singular countable noun ‘movie’.
Question 19
Complete the sentences with suitable words indicating your option for each question
The RBI in consultation with Government of India has ______ working group to suggest measures for revival of weak public sector banks.
The RBI in consultation with Government of India has ______ working group to suggest measures for revival of weak public sector banks.
B constituted
The correct word in this context is ‘constituted’. Note that ‘devolved’ is irrelevant here and ‘appointment’ would be appropriate for a person and not a group. However this sentence has an error as the indefinite article ‘a’ is missing before the singular countable noun ‘group’ (‘working’ is a participle i.e. acts as an adjective to the noun).
Question 20
Complete the sentences with suitable words indicating your option for each question
He stepped out and began to walk ______
He stepped out and began to walk ______
B around
The correct phrase is ‘walk around’ which means “walk with no particular goal in mind”.
Question 21
Complete the sentences with suitable words indicating your option for each question
The lady received quick promotions when they saw how ______ she was.
The lady received quick promotions when they saw how ______ she was.
D hard working
It is obvious that options a, b and c are irrelevant in this context – the first two are negative words and are incongruent with the prospect of a promotion while ‘correct’ does not fit with the meaning. The correct word is hence ‘hard working’.
Question 22
Complete the sentences with suitable words indicating your option for each question
The shower in the bathroom needs mending as it has started ______
The shower in the bathroom needs mending as it has started ______
C dripping
Compare the word with the logic of this sentence. Thus, ‘tricking’ and ‘soaking’ do not call for mending. Also a shower cannot ‘overflow’ so ‘dripping’ is clearly the right choice!
Question 23
Complete the sentences with suitable words indicating your option for each question
The person who is looking for sympathy talks ______
The person who is looking for sympathy talks ______
C plaintively
‘Petulant’ means ‘bad-tempered’ so its adverb form is out of context here. Also, ‘despicably’ means ‘deserving to be despised’ and is also irrelevant. Also ‘deftly’ means ‘in a neatly skilful manner’ and is also out of context here. ‘Plaintively’ means ‘in a pleading, sorrowful, desperate tone’ and is the correct adverb here.
Question 24
Complete the sentences with suitable words indicating your option for each question
The very nature of society is inimical ______ freedom.
The very nature of society is inimical ______ freedom.
B to
‘Inimical’ means ‘unfriendly or hostile’ and the preposition that goes with it is ‘to’.
Question 25
Complete the sentences with suitable words indicating your option for each question
Wilbur Wright flew his airplane ______ France in 1909.
Wilbur Wright flew his airplane ______ France in 1909.
D over
Clearly the only preposition that agrees with the verb ‘flew’ is ‘over’. ‘Flew on’ would refer to the fuel used in the aircraft, ‘flew upon’ and ‘flew until’ would describe conditions to fly and are hence irrelevant here.
Question 26
Fill in the blanks.
If you look very closely at a newspaper photograph you will see that the grey areas are made up of black dots of various sizes. The lighter the shades of grey, the smaller the dots. In ___(26)___ area the dots are larger. The process by which this ___(27)___ is achieved is called half-tone screening. First of all a negative ___(28)___ is made of the picture. That is, the light and dark areas are ___(29)___ so that white becomes ___(30)___ and black becomes white. This picture is projected ___(31)___ a special screen. The screen is made of glass and has lines ___(32)___ on it both vertically and horizontally. So the screen is divided up ___(33)___ tiny squares rather like graph paper. When the light ___(34)___ the negative is shone through this ___(35)___ it is broken up into dots. This light lands on a metal plate that is coated with chemicals.
If you look very closely at a newspaper photograph you will see that the grey areas are made up of black dots of various sizes. The lighter the shades of grey, the smaller the dots. In ___(26)___ area the dots are larger. The process by which this ___(27)___ is achieved is called half-tone screening. First of all a negative ___(28)___ is made of the picture. That is, the light and dark areas are ___(29)___ so that white becomes ___(30)___ and black becomes white. This picture is projected ___(31)___ a special screen. The screen is made of glass and has lines ___(32)___ on it both vertically and horizontally. So the screen is divided up ___(33)___ tiny squares rather like graph paper. When the light ___(34)___ the negative is shone through this ___(35)___ it is broken up into dots. This light lands on a metal plate that is coated with chemicals.
B Darker
The previous mentions ‘lighter shades of grey’ and correspondingly the dots being smaller. In this sentence the later phrase mentions that the dots are larger which indicates the opposite condition. Hence the blanks should contain the adjective ‘darker’.
Question 27
Fill in the blanks.
If you look very closely at a newspaper photograph you will see that the grey areas are made up of black dots of various sizes. The lighter the shades of grey, the smaller the dots. In ___(26)___ area the dots are larger. The process by which this ___(27)___ is achieved is called half-tone screening. First of all a negative ___(28)___ is made of the picture. That is, the light and dark areas are ___(29)___ so that white becomes ___(30)___ and black becomes white. This picture is projected ___(31)___ a special screen. The screen is made of glass and has lines ___(32)___ on it both vertically and horizontally. So the screen is divided up ___(33)___ tiny squares rather like graph paper. When the light ___(34)___ the negative is shone through this ___(35)___ it is broken up into dots. This light lands on a metal plate that is coated with chemicals.
If you look very closely at a newspaper photograph you will see that the grey areas are made up of black dots of various sizes. The lighter the shades of grey, the smaller the dots. In ___(26)___ area the dots are larger. The process by which this ___(27)___ is achieved is called half-tone screening. First of all a negative ___(28)___ is made of the picture. That is, the light and dark areas are ___(29)___ so that white becomes ___(30)___ and black becomes white. This picture is projected ___(31)___ a special screen. The screen is made of glass and has lines ___(32)___ on it both vertically and horizontally. So the screen is divided up ___(33)___ tiny squares rather like graph paper. When the light ___(34)___ the negative is shone through this ___(35)___ it is broken up into dots. This light lands on a metal plate that is coated with chemicals.
A Effect
Clearly ‘colour’ and ‘tone’ are too specific for this context, while ‘affect’ is a verb and does not fit here. Hence the correct word is ‘effect’ and refers to the consequence or outcome.
Question 28
Fill in the blanks.
If you look very closely at a newspaper photograph you will see that the grey areas are made up of black dots of various sizes. The lighter the shades of grey, the smaller the dots. In ___(26)___ area the dots are larger. The process by which this ___(27)___ is achieved is called half-tone screening. First of all a negative ___(28)___ is made of the picture. That is, the light and dark areas are ___(29)___ so that white becomes ___(30)___ and black becomes white. This picture is projected ___(31)___ a special screen. The screen is made of glass and has lines ___(32)___ on it both vertically and horizontally. So the screen is divided up ___(33)___ tiny squares rather like graph paper. When the light ___(34)___ the negative is shone through this ___(35)___ it is broken up into dots. This light lands on a metal plate that is coated with chemicals.
If you look very closely at a newspaper photograph you will see that the grey areas are made up of black dots of various sizes. The lighter the shades of grey, the smaller the dots. In ___(26)___ area the dots are larger. The process by which this ___(27)___ is achieved is called half-tone screening. First of all a negative ___(28)___ is made of the picture. That is, the light and dark areas are ___(29)___ so that white becomes ___(30)___ and black becomes white. This picture is projected ___(31)___ a special screen. The screen is made of glass and has lines ___(32)___ on it both vertically and horizontally. So the screen is divided up ___(33)___ tiny squares rather like graph paper. When the light ___(34)___ the negative is shone through this ___(35)___ it is broken up into dots. This light lands on a metal plate that is coated with chemicals.
C Copy
The use of the phrase ‘of the picture is made’ suggests that the noun used must be ‘copy’ as it is the only one that can be ‘made’. A ‘Photograph’ is usually taken while a ‘print’ is prepared.
Question 29
Fill in the blanks.
If you look very closely at a newspaper photograph you will see that the grey areas are made up of black dots of various sizes. The lighter the shades of grey, the smaller the dots. In ___(26)___ area the dots are larger. The process by which this ___(27)___ is achieved is called half-tone screening. First of all a negative ___(28)___ is made of the picture. That is, the light and dark areas are ___(29)___ so that white becomes ___(30)___ and black becomes white. This picture is projected ___(31)___ a special screen. The screen is made of glass and has lines ___(32)___ on it both vertically and horizontally. So the screen is divided up ___(33)___ tiny squares rather like graph paper. When the light ___(34)___ the negative is shone through this ___(35)___ it is broken up into dots. This light lands on a metal plate that is coated with chemicals.
If you look very closely at a newspaper photograph you will see that the grey areas are made up of black dots of various sizes. The lighter the shades of grey, the smaller the dots. In ___(26)___ area the dots are larger. The process by which this ___(27)___ is achieved is called half-tone screening. First of all a negative ___(28)___ is made of the picture. That is, the light and dark areas are ___(29)___ so that white becomes ___(30)___ and black becomes white. This picture is projected ___(31)___ a special screen. The screen is made of glass and has lines ___(32)___ on it both vertically and horizontally. So the screen is divided up ___(33)___ tiny squares rather like graph paper. When the light ___(34)___ the negative is shone through this ___(35)___ it is broken up into dots. This light lands on a metal plate that is coated with chemicals.
A Reversed
The latter phrase ‘black becomes white’ suggests a process of ‘reversing’.
Question 30
Fill in the blanks.
If you look very closely at a newspaper photograph you will see that the grey areas are made up of black dots of various sizes. The lighter the shades of grey, the smaller the dots. In ___(26)___ area the dots are larger. The process by which this ___(27)___ is achieved is called half-tone screening. First of all a negative ___(28)___ is made of the picture. That is, the light and dark areas are ___(29)___ so that white becomes ___(30)___ and black becomes white. This picture is projected ___(31)___ a special screen. The screen is made of glass and has lines ___(32)___ on it both vertically and horizontally. So the screen is divided up ___(33)___ tiny squares rather like graph paper. When the light ___(34)___ the negative is shone through this ___(35)___ it is broken up into dots. This light lands on a metal plate that is coated with chemicals.
If you look very closely at a newspaper photograph you will see that the grey areas are made up of black dots of various sizes. The lighter the shades of grey, the smaller the dots. In ___(26)___ area the dots are larger. The process by which this ___(27)___ is achieved is called half-tone screening. First of all a negative ___(28)___ is made of the picture. That is, the light and dark areas are ___(29)___ so that white becomes ___(30)___ and black becomes white. This picture is projected ___(31)___ a special screen. The screen is made of glass and has lines ___(32)___ on it both vertically and horizontally. So the screen is divided up ___(33)___ tiny squares rather like graph paper. When the light ___(34)___ the negative is shone through this ___(35)___ it is broken up into dots. This light lands on a metal plate that is coated with chemicals.
C Black
Continuing with the same logic of reversing light and dark areas, “white” must become ‘black’.
Question 31
Fill in the blanks.
If you look very closely at a newspaper photograph you will see that the grey areas are made up of black dots of various sizes. The lighter the shades of grey, the smaller the dots. In ___(26)___ area the dots are larger. The process by which this ___(27)___ is achieved is called half-tone screening. First of all a negative ___(28)___ is made of the picture. That is, the light and dark areas are ___(29)___ so that white becomes ___(30)___ and black becomes white. This picture is projected ___(31)___ a special screen. The screen is made of glass and has lines ___(32)___ on it both vertically and horizontally. So the screen is divided up ___(33)___ tiny squares rather like graph paper. When the light ___(34)___ the negative is shone through this ___(35)___ it is broken up into dots. This light lands on a metal plate that is coated with chemicals.
If you look very closely at a newspaper photograph you will see that the grey areas are made up of black dots of various sizes. The lighter the shades of grey, the smaller the dots. In ___(26)___ area the dots are larger. The process by which this ___(27)___ is achieved is called half-tone screening. First of all a negative ___(28)___ is made of the picture. That is, the light and dark areas are ___(29)___ so that white becomes ___(30)___ and black becomes white. This picture is projected ___(31)___ a special screen. The screen is made of glass and has lines ___(32)___ on it both vertically and horizontally. So the screen is divided up ___(33)___ tiny squares rather like graph paper. When the light ___(34)___ the negative is shone through this ___(35)___ it is broken up into dots. This light lands on a metal plate that is coated with chemicals.
C Through
Clearly a picture can only be ‘projected’ “on” a screen and not ‘into’, ‘above’ or ‘through’ it.
Question 32
Fill in the blanks.
If you look very closely at a newspaper photograph you will see that the grey areas are made up of black dots of various sizes. The lighter the shades of grey, the smaller the dots. In ___(26)___ area the dots are larger. The process by which this ___(27)___ is achieved is called half-tone screening. First of all a negative ___(28)___ is made of the picture. That is, the light and dark areas are ___(29)___ so that white becomes ___(30)___ and black becomes white. This picture is projected ___(31)___ a special screen. The screen is made of glass and has lines ___(32)___ on it both vertically and horizontally. So the screen is divided up ___(33)___ tiny squares rather like graph paper. When the light ___(34)___ the negative is shone through this ___(35)___ it is broken up into dots. This light lands on a metal plate that is coated with chemicals.
If you look very closely at a newspaper photograph you will see that the grey areas are made up of black dots of various sizes. The lighter the shades of grey, the smaller the dots. In ___(26)___ area the dots are larger. The process by which this ___(27)___ is achieved is called half-tone screening. First of all a negative ___(28)___ is made of the picture. That is, the light and dark areas are ___(29)___ so that white becomes ___(30)___ and black becomes white. This picture is projected ___(31)___ a special screen. The screen is made of glass and has lines ___(32)___ on it both vertically and horizontally. So the screen is divided up ___(33)___ tiny squares rather like graph paper. When the light ___(34)___ the negative is shone through this ___(35)___ it is broken up into dots. This light lands on a metal plate that is coated with chemicals.
A Ruled
The best option is ‘ruled’ in the context of the noun ‘lines’ and the adverbs ‘vertically’ and ‘horizontally’.
Question 33
Fill in the blanks.
If you look very closely at a newspaper photograph you will see that the grey areas are made up of black dots of various sizes. The lighter the shades of grey, the smaller the dots. In ___(26)___ area the dots are larger. The process by which this ___(27)___ is achieved is called half-tone screening. First of all a negative ___(28)___ is made of the picture. That is, the light and dark areas are ___(29)___ so that white becomes ___(30)___ and black becomes white. This picture is projected ___(31)___ a special screen. The screen is made of glass and has lines ___(32)___ on it both vertically and horizontally. So the screen is divided up ___(33)___ tiny squares rather like graph paper. When the light ___(34)___ the negative is shone through this ___(35)___ it is broken up into dots. This light lands on a metal plate that is coated with chemicals.
If you look very closely at a newspaper photograph you will see that the grey areas are made up of black dots of various sizes. The lighter the shades of grey, the smaller the dots. In ___(26)___ area the dots are larger. The process by which this ___(27)___ is achieved is called half-tone screening. First of all a negative ___(28)___ is made of the picture. That is, the light and dark areas are ___(29)___ so that white becomes ___(30)___ and black becomes white. This picture is projected ___(31)___ a special screen. The screen is made of glass and has lines ___(32)___ on it both vertically and horizontally. So the screen is divided up ___(33)___ tiny squares rather like graph paper. When the light ___(34)___ the negative is shone through this ___(35)___ it is broken up into dots. This light lands on a metal plate that is coated with chemicals.
B Into
The appropriate preposition with ‘divided up’ is “into”.
Question 34
Fill in the blanks.
If you look very closely at a newspaper photograph you will see that the grey areas are made up of black dots of various sizes. The lighter the shades of grey, the smaller the dots. In ___(26)___ area the dots are larger. The process by which this ___(27)___ is achieved is called half-tone screening. First of all a negative ___(28)___ is made of the picture. That is, the light and dark areas are ___(29)___ so that white becomes ___(30)___ and black becomes white. This picture is projected ___(31)___ a special screen. The screen is made of glass and has lines ___(32)___ on it both vertically and horizontally. So the screen is divided up ___(33)___ tiny squares rather like graph paper. When the light ___(34)___ the negative is shone through this ___(35)___ it is broken up into dots. This light lands on a metal plate that is coated with chemicals.
If you look very closely at a newspaper photograph you will see that the grey areas are made up of black dots of various sizes. The lighter the shades of grey, the smaller the dots. In ___(26)___ area the dots are larger. The process by which this ___(27)___ is achieved is called half-tone screening. First of all a negative ___(28)___ is made of the picture. That is, the light and dark areas are ___(29)___ so that white becomes ___(30)___ and black becomes white. This picture is projected ___(31)___ a special screen. The screen is made of glass and has lines ___(32)___ on it both vertically and horizontally. So the screen is divided up ___(33)___ tiny squares rather like graph paper. When the light ___(34)___ the negative is shone through this ___(35)___ it is broken up into dots. This light lands on a metal plate that is coated with chemicals.
A From
The context here makes it clear that light ‘from the negative’ is shone. Note that ‘of’ is irrelevant as the negative does not have its own light. Also light ‘on’ or ‘at’ a negative’ cannot be then shone on something else!
Question 35
Fill in the blanks.
If you look very closely at a newspaper photograph you will see that the grey areas are made up of black dots of various sizes. The lighter the shades of grey, the smaller the dots. In ___(26)___ area the dots are larger. The process by which this ___(27)___ is achieved is called half-tone screening. First of all a negative ___(28)___ is made of the picture. That is, the light and dark areas are ___(29)___ so that white becomes ___(30)___ and black becomes white. This picture is projected ___(31)___ a special screen. The screen is made of glass and has lines ___(32)___ on it both vertically and horizontally. So the screen is divided up ___(33)___ tiny squares rather like graph paper. When the light ___(34)___ the negative is shone through this ___(35)___ it is broken up into dots. This light lands on a metal plate that is coated with chemicals.
If you look very closely at a newspaper photograph you will see that the grey areas are made up of black dots of various sizes. The lighter the shades of grey, the smaller the dots. In ___(26)___ area the dots are larger. The process by which this ___(27)___ is achieved is called half-tone screening. First of all a negative ___(28)___ is made of the picture. That is, the light and dark areas are ___(29)___ so that white becomes ___(30)___ and black becomes white. This picture is projected ___(31)___ a special screen. The screen is made of glass and has lines ___(32)___ on it both vertically and horizontally. So the screen is divided up ___(33)___ tiny squares rather like graph paper. When the light ___(34)___ the negative is shone through this ___(35)___ it is broken up into dots. This light lands on a metal plate that is coated with chemicals.
C screen
The previous context was that the light from the negative is projected into a screen. So clearly the light from the negative is projected through the ‘screen’.
Section: GENERAL KNOWLEDGE
Question 1
The world's largest nuclear power station is
C Fukushima-Daiichi
Question 2
The First International Women's Day was celebrated on
A 17-03-2011
Question 3
The nature and extent of nuclear accident in power plants is indicated as International Nuclear and Radiological Event (INRE) and quantified in terms of the highest as
B Level 12 Accident
Question 4
The Minority Affairs Minister of Pakistan who was assassinated in March, 2011
C Shahbaz Batti
Question 5
The present Central Chief Information Commissioner is
A Wajhat HabibuIIah
Question 6
The country that gets highest percentage of electricity from nuclear power stations is
C China
Question 7
The present Chief Election Commissioner of India is
A S.Y. Quraishi
Question 8
Which of the following Chief Justices of India also became the Vice-President of India?
D None
Question 9
India's Foreign Exchange Reserve has become the ______ largest in the world.
B Twelfth
Question 10
The first ever woman Secretary-General of SAARC, Ms.Fathimath Dhiyana Saeed is from
D Maldives
Question 11
Air-conditioning was invented by
A Carrier
Question 12
Motorcycle was invented by
B G. Daimler
Question 13
Which of the following has the largest territory?
C Canada
Question 14
The country that recently joined the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation was
A Myanmar
Question 15
According to the survey conducted in India during 2001-2003, the highest percentage of deaths were due to
D HIV-AIDS
Question 16
The 123 Agreement was entered into between
B France and India
Question 17
The largest State in India in terms of territory is
D Rajasthan
Question 18
The first judge who was sought to be impeached under the Constitution was
A Justice V. Ramaswami
Question 19
The State having the maximum number of seats in Rajya Sabha is
B Uttar Pradesh
Question 20
Rajya Sabha members are elected for a period of
D 6 years
Question 21
The Supreme Court recently declared the appointment non-est of
C P.J. Thomas
Question 22
The maximum number of nominated members to Lok Sabha is
B Two
Question 23
The special reservation of 4% in favour of Muslims was struck down as unconstitutional by
B High Court of Andhra Pradesh
Question 24
The Year Book of Industrial Statistics, 2010 released by the UN Industrial Development Organization ranks India among
D Top 10 countries
Question 25
The European Union member States decided to temporarily withdraw the preferential tariff benefits from August 2010 on the ground that there are significant shortcomings in the implementation of three UN Human Rights Conventions in
D Nepal
Question 26
The Eleventh South Asian Games were held in
D Colombo, Sri Lanka
Question 27
Dr. Jean Mayer Award for Global Citizenship by the Tufts University, USA, was awarded in 2010 to
D Sanjoy Hazarika
Question 28
The constitutional advisor to the Constituent Assembly was
B B.N. Rau
Question 29
Census takes place in India
B every 10 years
Question 30
INTERPOL, a 190-nation Police Commission, has its Headquarters at
B Lyons
Question 31
Red Cross is an international society for relief of suffering in the time of war or disaster which has headquarters at Geneva was founded in 1863 on the advocacy of
B J.H. Dunant
Question 32
The Maastrich Treaty is for
D Common European Union
Question 33
Who among the following was the Chairman of Sixth Pay Commission ?
D Justice B.N. Srikrishna
Question 34
Kyoto Protocol which was replaced by Cancun in December, 2010 relates to
A Climate
Question 35
Which of the following mountains has oldest rocks in India?
A Aravallis
Section: LEGAL APTITUDE
Question 1
PRINCIPLE: A master shall be responsible for the wrongful acts of his servants in the course of his employment.
FACTS: The Syndicate Bank was running a small savings scheme under which its authorised agents would go round and collect small savings from several people on daily basis. These agents would get commission, on the deposits so collected. Ananth was one such agent, collecting deposits from factory workers engaged on daily wages. Though he regularly carried on his business for some time, slowly he started appropriating deposits for his personal use and one day he just disappeared. One Fatima, who had been handing over her savings to him, found that nearly for a month before his disappearance, he was not depositing her savings at all. The Bank, when approached, took the stand that Ananth was not its regular and paid employee and, therefore, it was not responsible for his misconduct. She files a suit against the Bank.
FACTS: The Syndicate Bank was running a small savings scheme under which its authorised agents would go round and collect small savings from several people on daily basis. These agents would get commission, on the deposits so collected. Ananth was one such agent, collecting deposits from factory workers engaged on daily wages. Though he regularly carried on his business for some time, slowly he started appropriating deposits for his personal use and one day he just disappeared. One Fatima, who had been handing over her savings to him, found that nearly for a month before his disappearance, he was not depositing her savings at all. The Bank, when approached, took the stand that Ananth was not its regular and paid employee and, therefore, it was not responsible for his misconduct. She files a suit against the Bank.
D None of the above
None of the option seem to relate to the principle. The bank is liable since the act was committed in the course of employment however no option states that.
Question 2
PRINCIPLE: When the parties to an agreement agree on the same thing in the same sense, there arises legally binding obligations between them.
FACTS: Zaverilal's antique shop was a well-known shop of the locality. Taradevi, a socialite of the locality, went to the shop and she was attracted by an earthern jar on display. Zaverilal explained to her that the jar belonged to Hoysala period; and despite its earthern composition, it was very strong and almost unbreakable. Taradevi replied to him that she was so captivated by the jar that it was immaterial to her as to which period it belonged. She bought the jar and came home. She placed the jar in a prominent place in her drawing room. One of her friends, an art critique, who happened to visit her, told her that the jar was not at all an Antique, but Taradevi did not bother about it. One day, it accidentally fell down and broke into pieces. Taradevi took up the matter with Zaverilal that his both statements were wrong and, therefore, he should pay damages to her.
FACTS: Zaverilal's antique shop was a well-known shop of the locality. Taradevi, a socialite of the locality, went to the shop and she was attracted by an earthern jar on display. Zaverilal explained to her that the jar belonged to Hoysala period; and despite its earthern composition, it was very strong and almost unbreakable. Taradevi replied to him that she was so captivated by the jar that it was immaterial to her as to which period it belonged. She bought the jar and came home. She placed the jar in a prominent place in her drawing room. One of her friends, an art critique, who happened to visit her, told her that the jar was not at all an Antique, but Taradevi did not bother about it. One day, it accidentally fell down and broke into pieces. Taradevi took up the matter with Zaverilal that his both statements were wrong and, therefore, he should pay damages to her.
D None of the above
None of the options seem to directly relate to the principle. There is no agreement of the parties on the same thing in the same sense.
Question 3
PRINCIPLE: Interfering with another's goods in such a way as to deny the latter's title to the goods amounts to conversion and it is a civil wrong.
FACTS: Ram went to the bicycle stand to park his bicycle and he found the stand fully occupied. Ram removed a few bicycles in order to rearrange the stand and make some space for his bicycle. He parked his bicycle properly and put back all the bicycles except the one belonging to Shyam. It was rather negligent on the part of Ram and he was in fact in a hurry to get into his office. Somebody came on the way and took away Shyam's cycle. The watchman of the stand did not take care of it assuming that the cycle was not parked inside the stand. Shyam filed a suit against Ram for conversion.
FACTS: Ram went to the bicycle stand to park his bicycle and he found the stand fully occupied. Ram removed a few bicycles in order to rearrange the stand and make some space for his bicycle. He parked his bicycle properly and put back all the bicycles except the one belonging to Shyam. It was rather negligent on the part of Ram and he was in fact in a hurry to get into his office. Somebody came on the way and took away Shyam's cycle. The watchman of the stand did not take care of it assuming that the cycle was not parked inside the stand. Shyam filed a suit against Ram for conversion.
A Shyam would succeed because Ram's act led to the stealing of his bicycle
Shyam would succeed because Ram's act led to the stealing of his bicycle. Had it not been for Ram
Question 4
PRINCIPLE: Damages are payable for breach of contract and the purpose of damages is to compensate him for the loss suffered and not to improve his position more than what it would have been if the contract had been duly performed.
FACTS: A wanted to buy a house and he contracted with a surveyor S to inspect a particular house and value it for him. S surveyed the house and valued it for Rs. 10 lakhs. S, however, failed to notice the defective plumbing system in the house and had he taken note of it, the house would have been worth only Rs. 8 lakhs. A followed S's advice and bought the house for Rs. 10 lakhs and thereafter spent Rs. 4 lakhs for repairing the plumbing system. He filed a suit against S claiming Rs. 4 lakhs as damages.
FACTS: A wanted to buy a house and he contracted with a surveyor S to inspect a particular house and value it for him. S surveyed the house and valued it for Rs. 10 lakhs. S, however, failed to notice the defective plumbing system in the house and had he taken note of it, the house would have been worth only Rs. 8 lakhs. A followed S's advice and bought the house for Rs. 10 lakhs and thereafter spent Rs. 4 lakhs for repairing the plumbing system. He filed a suit against S claiming Rs. 4 lakhs as damages.
B A should get Rs. 2 lakhs, since he paid additional Rs. 2 lakhs on account of S's negligence
A should get Rs. 2 lakhs, since he paid additional Rs. 2 lakhs on account of S's negligence. Had the duty been duly performed, A would have paid a total of 8 lakhs. Hence, a compensation of 2 lakhs would be adequate as it would put him in the same position had S not been negligent.
Question 5
PRINCIPLE: A right of action cannot arise out of an illegal activity.
FACTS: A and B were thieves engaged in stealing cars and other vehicles. Once they stole a car; and while driving off, they had to cross a city. They engaged a driver to drive them through the city, since they did not know the route inside. The indicator lamp of the car was not working and the thieves had not realised this and therefore, had not told about it to the driver. While driving, through the city, the car was hit by another vehicle because of the faulty indicator. In the accident, the driver was injured and he filed a suit against A and B.
FACTS: A and B were thieves engaged in stealing cars and other vehicles. Once they stole a car; and while driving off, they had to cross a city. They engaged a driver to drive them through the city, since they did not know the route inside. The indicator lamp of the car was not working and the thieves had not realised this and therefore, had not told about it to the driver. While driving, through the city, the car was hit by another vehicle because of the faulty indicator. In the accident, the driver was injured and he filed a suit against A and B.
B The driver would win, because he was not a party to the stealing
The driver would win, because he was not a party to the stealing. The driver wasn
Question 6
PRINCIPLE: Law does not take notice of trifles.
FACTS: A proposes to his neighbour B that they both should go together for a morning walk. B agrees to the proposal and it is decided that both of them would meet at a particular point at 6 A.M. from where they would set off for the morning walk. In spite of the agreement, B does not turn up. A waits for him at 6 A.M. every day for a continuous period of seven days. Thereafter he files a suit against B claiming damages for the agony and mental torture suffered by him. DECIDE
FACTS: A proposes to his neighbour B that they both should go together for a morning walk. B agrees to the proposal and it is decided that both of them would meet at a particular point at 6 A.M. from where they would set off for the morning walk. In spite of the agreement, B does not turn up. A waits for him at 6 A.M. every day for a continuous period of seven days. Thereafter he files a suit against B claiming damages for the agony and mental torture suffered by him. DECIDE
C The matter is too small and the court will refuse to go into it
The matter is too small and the court will refuse to go into it. The facts seem to be in sync with the principle. No reasonable prudent person would file a case against another for not getting up on time as agreed.
Question 7
PRINCIPLE: Limitation bars the remedy, not the right.
FACTS: After the expiry of the period of limitation of three years, debtor Rohan makes a part payment of debt to creditor Sohan. Sohan then files a suit against Rohan for recovery of the debt after two years from the date of part payment. DECIDE
FACTS: After the expiry of the period of limitation of three years, debtor Rohan makes a part payment of debt to creditor Sohan. Sohan then files a suit against Rohan for recovery of the debt after two years from the date of part payment. DECIDE
B The suit is time-barred as part payment is made after the expiry of period of limitation
While Sohan still has the right, the expiry of limitation period means he can no longer pursue a remedy i.e., a suit for recovery of debt. But that does not mean that his right over the debt has been extinguished.
Question 8
PRINCIPLE: Ignorance of law is no excuse.
FACTS: A fails to file his income-tax returns for ten years. The Income-tax department issues to him notice to show cause why proceedings should not be initiated against him for the recovery of the income-tax due from him with interest and penalty. ADVISE
FACTS: A fails to file his income-tax returns for ten years. The Income-tax department issues to him notice to show cause why proceedings should not be initiated against him for the recovery of the income-tax due from him with interest and penalty. ADVISE
C A must pay the tax due as ignorance of law cannot be ground of defence
Option C is in line with the principle. A must pay the tax due as ignorance of law cannot be ground of defence
Question 9
PRINCIPLE: Nobody shall make use of his property in such a way as to cause damage to others. Any such use constitutes private nuisance, a wrongful act under Law of Torts.
FACTS: Vasan was owing a house, adjacent to a cluster of houses, owned by Varadan. Varadan was leasing out these houses whereas Vasan was living in his house. When Vasan was transferred to another place, he leased out his house to a person suffering from AIDS. Fearing the spread of AIDS, the tenants moved out of Varadan's houses. Varadan requested Vasan to evict AIDS patient and he offered to fix a suitable tenant for Vasan's house, if the AIDS patient is evicted. But Vasan refused by arguing that AIDS would not spread as feared by Varadan's tenants. Varadan filed a suit against Vasan.
FACTS: Vasan was owing a house, adjacent to a cluster of houses, owned by Varadan. Varadan was leasing out these houses whereas Vasan was living in his house. When Vasan was transferred to another place, he leased out his house to a person suffering from AIDS. Fearing the spread of AIDS, the tenants moved out of Varadan's houses. Varadan requested Vasan to evict AIDS patient and he offered to fix a suitable tenant for Vasan's house, if the AIDS patient is evicted. But Vasan refused by arguing that AIDS would not spread as feared by Varadan's tenants. Varadan filed a suit against Vasan.
C Varadan will not win, because Vasan should not be held responsible for public misperception
Vasan is not using his property in such a way that it causes damage to others. AIDS does not spread by air. Varadan will not win, because Vasan should not be held responsible for public misperception
Question 10
PRINCIPLE: One has to compensate another for the injury caused due to his wrongful act. The liability to compensate is reduced to the extent the latter has contributed to the injury through his own negligence. This is the underlying principle of contributory negligence.
FACTS: Veerappa owns a farm at a distance of half a furlong from the railway track. He stored in his land the stacks of dried up straw after the cultivation as is normal in farming. One day when the train was passing through the track, the driver was negligently operating the locomotive by allowing it to emit large quantities of spark. The high wind, normal in open fields, carried the sparks to the stacks stored by Veerappa and the stacks caught fire thereby causing extensive damage. Veerappa filed a suit against the Railways claiming damages. The Railways while acknowledging liability alleged contributory negligence on the part of Veerappa.
FACTS: Veerappa owns a farm at a distance of half a furlong from the railway track. He stored in his land the stacks of dried up straw after the cultivation as is normal in farming. One day when the train was passing through the track, the driver was negligently operating the locomotive by allowing it to emit large quantities of spark. The high wind, normal in open fields, carried the sparks to the stacks stored by Veerappa and the stacks caught fire thereby causing extensive damage. Veerappa filed a suit against the Railways claiming damages. The Railways while acknowledging liability alleged contributory negligence on the part of Veerappa.
B Veerappa's farm being at a reasonable distance from the railway track, he cannot be held responsible for the high winds
Facts clearly state that the wind was
Question 11
PRINCIPLE: A person is entitled to protect his property by using lawful means.
FACTS: Ramlal is growing valuable vegetables and fruits in his farm and he has fenced the farm to prevent the cattle from entering into it. In addition he has kept a ferocious dog to chase away intruding urchins and cattles. Some children were playing in a nearby playground and the ball slipped into the farm. A boy running after the ball came near the fence and shouted for the ball. But when there was no response, he managed to creep into the farm to get the ball. The dog which was surreptitiously waiting attacked the boy and badly mauled him. The boy's parents filed a suit against Ramlal.
FACTS: Ramlal is growing valuable vegetables and fruits in his farm and he has fenced the farm to prevent the cattle from entering into it. In addition he has kept a ferocious dog to chase away intruding urchins and cattles. Some children were playing in a nearby playground and the ball slipped into the farm. A boy running after the ball came near the fence and shouted for the ball. But when there was no response, he managed to creep into the farm to get the ball. The dog which was surreptitiously waiting attacked the boy and badly mauled him. The boy's parents filed a suit against Ramlal.
C Ramlal is liable, since an ordinary barking dog would have sufficed for the purpose
Ramlal is liable, since an ordinary barking dog would have sufficed for the purpose. The facts clearly say that the dog was ferocious. This is disproportionate to what is required to protect such farm therefore making it an unlawful means.
Question 12
PRINCIPLE: A person who commits an unlawful act towards another which can be imputed to him, must repair the damage which the other person suffers as a consequence thereof.
FACTS: Mr. Rajender Singh was riding his scooter on the right side of the road which is illegal as per the Traffic Rules. Mr. Rajesh Chawla was driving his car in the opposite direction. The two vehicles collided and resulted in loss of Rs. 50,000 to Mr. Rajender Singh. This includes his medical expenses and damage to the scooter. In this accident there is no fault on the part of Mr. Rajesh Chawla.
FACTS: Mr. Rajender Singh was riding his scooter on the right side of the road which is illegal as per the Traffic Rules. Mr. Rajesh Chawla was driving his car in the opposite direction. The two vehicles collided and resulted in loss of Rs. 50,000 to Mr. Rajender Singh. This includes his medical expenses and damage to the scooter. In this accident there is no fault on the part of Mr. Rajesh Chawla.
A Mr. Rajender Singh will not get any amount as damages
Mr. Rajesh did not commit any unlawful act hence he isn
Question 13
PRINCIPLE: When there is breach of contract, the resulting damages will have to be paid by the party breaching the contract to the aggrieved party. However, the parties are free to agree as to damages payable in advance in case there is breach of contract.
FACTS: Mr. Ramesh entered into a contract with Mr. Ramakrishna for selling his green Alto Car for Rs. 3 lakhs. Mr. Ramakrishna was to pay Rs. 3 lakhs on or before 25th April, 2005 and take possession of the car. The party failing to honour the contract has to pay Rs. 40,000 as damages to the other party. Mr. Ramakrishna has not performed his part of the contract. Mr. Ramesh is claiming Rs. 40,000.
FACTS: Mr. Ramesh entered into a contract with Mr. Ramakrishna for selling his green Alto Car for Rs. 3 lakhs. Mr. Ramakrishna was to pay Rs. 3 lakhs on or before 25th April, 2005 and take possession of the car. The party failing to honour the contract has to pay Rs. 40,000 as damages to the other party. Mr. Ramakrishna has not performed his part of the contract. Mr. Ramesh is claiming Rs. 40,000.
B Mr. Ramakrishna is liable to pay the agreed damages
Mr. Ramakrishna is liable to pay the agreed damages. Direct application of the principle, damages are already define and when one party has failed it is liable for paying them.
Question 14
PRINCIPLE: Every person has a right of self-defence, if his life is under imminent threat.
FACTS: Mr. Prashanth threatens Mr. Krishna that he will kill Mr. Krishna. After saying so, Mr. Prashanth goes to his house saying that he would get his axe
FACTS: Mr. Prashanth threatens Mr. Krishna that he will kill Mr. Krishna. After saying so, Mr. Prashanth goes to his house saying that he would get his axe
C Mr. Krishna cannot exercise the right of self-defence
There is no imminent threat hence no right to self-defence which he can exercise.
Question 15
PRINCIPLE: Whoever does any act so rashly or negligently as to endanger human life or the personal safety of others is said to have committed an offence.
FACTS: Mr. Mangeskar owns a Yamaha motorcycle which has very good pick up and speed. He is studying in the IV semester of Mechanical Engineering degree course. One day it was getting late for the college as he woke up late in the morning. He got ready and was rushing to the college so that he would not miss the class. He was riding the motor cycle at a speed of 140-km per hour in Bangalore city which was crowded. He was very good in riding the motorcycle. People who were using the road got annoyed/scared with the way Mr. Mangeskar was riding the motorcycle.
FACTS: Mr. Mangeskar owns a Yamaha motorcycle which has very good pick up and speed. He is studying in the IV semester of Mechanical Engineering degree course. One day it was getting late for the college as he woke up late in the morning. He got ready and was rushing to the college so that he would not miss the class. He was riding the motor cycle at a speed of 140-km per hour in Bangalore city which was crowded. He was very good in riding the motorcycle. People who were using the road got annoyed/scared with the way Mr. Mangeskar was riding the motorcycle.
A Mr. Mangeskar has committed an act of rash and negligent driving
Mr. Mangeskar has committed an act of rash and negligent driving. It is irrelevant that Mr. Mangeskar was good at riding the bike. By driving it so fast in a crowded area he did endanger human life and personal safety.
Question 16
PRINCIPLE: When two or more persons agree to do an illegal act, it is criminal conspiracy punishable with imprisonment.
FACTS: Mr. Bharath is a student of B.E. in Computer Science. He loves his computer very much. He considers his computer as his close friend and companion. On 1-4- 2006, while interacting with his computer, he hacked into the Bank account of Mr. Javed and was successful in withdrawing money from Mr. Javed's bank account. He did it to please his girlfriend.
FACTS: Mr. Bharath is a student of B.E. in Computer Science. He loves his computer very much. He considers his computer as his close friend and companion. On 1-4- 2006, while interacting with his computer, he hacked into the Bank account of Mr. Javed and was successful in withdrawing money from Mr. Javed's bank account. He did it to please his girlfriend.
C Mr. Bharath has not committed the offence of criminal conspiracy
The computer is not a person. Mr. Bharath has not committed the offence of criminal conspiracy because as per the principle, two or more
Question 17
PRINCIPLE: Contractual liability is completely irrelevant to the existence of liability in tort (civil wrong).
FACTS: X purchased a bottle of ginger- beer from a retailer. As she consumed more than 3/4 of the contents of the bottle, she found decomposed remains of a snail in the bottle. After seeing the remains of a snail, she fell sick on the thought of what she consumed. She sued the manufacturer of the beer for negligence, though there is no contractual duty on the part of the manufacturer.
FACTS: X purchased a bottle of ginger- beer from a retailer. As she consumed more than 3/4 of the contents of the bottle, she found decomposed remains of a snail in the bottle. After seeing the remains of a snail, she fell sick on the thought of what she consumed. She sued the manufacturer of the beer for negligence, though there is no contractual duty on the part of the manufacturer.
C X can sue the manufacturer as he had a duty to take care to see that bottles did not contain any other substance than the beer and hence liable to have broken that duty
He is liable under Torts. It does not require a contractual agreement for the same to be active, as per the principle. X can sue the manufacturer as he had a duty to take care to see that bottles did not contain any other substance than the beer and hence liable to have broken that duty.
Question 18
PRINCIPLE: The standard to determine whether a person has been guilty of negligence is the standard of care which, in the given circumstances, a reasonable man could have foreseen.
FACTS: The Agricultural University constructed 200 houses for its employees in its premises. Two huge bore wells were sunk and motors were installed. They did not cover the pump rooms properly. A child, 6 years old, from one of the quarters was playing near the pump house. On hearing the noise of the pump, she was curious to see the motor. She touched the motor that was not covered properly and three of her fingers were cut.
FACTS: The Agricultural University constructed 200 houses for its employees in its premises. Two huge bore wells were sunk and motors were installed. They did not cover the pump rooms properly. A child, 6 years old, from one of the quarters was playing near the pump house. On hearing the noise of the pump, she was curious to see the motor. She touched the motor that was not covered properly and three of her fingers were cut.
B Inspite of the child's act, her parents can successfully sue the University for damages
Inspite of the child's act, her parents can successfully sue the University for damages It can be reasonably foreseen that such big machines needs to be installed carefully.
Question 19
PRINCIPLE: A person is liable for all the injurious consequences of his careless act.
FACTS: Ram, a snake charmer, was exhibiting his talents to a group of people. One of the snakes escaped and bit a child who had to be hospitalised for two days for treatment.
FACTS: Ram, a snake charmer, was exhibiting his talents to a group of people. One of the snakes escaped and bit a child who had to be hospitalised for two days for treatment.
A Ram is liable to compensate the child's family for his careless act
Direct application of the principle. Ram is liable to compensate the child's family for his careless act
Question 20
PRINCIPLE: A contingent contract is a contract to do or not to do something, if some event, collateral to such contract, does or does not happen.
FACTS: A agrees to pay B a sum of Rs. 1 lakh if B marries C within a period of six months. B marries C during the seventh month as the marriage hall was available only during that month. B claims Rs. 1 lakh from A.
FACTS: A agrees to pay B a sum of Rs. 1 lakh if B marries C within a period of six months. B marries C during the seventh month as the marriage hall was available only during that month. B claims Rs. 1 lakh from A.
B B cannot claim Rs. 1 lakh from A as B married C after the duration set in the contract
The contingency wasn
Question 21
PRINCIPLE: Right to carry on any occupation, trade or business is a Fundamental Right under the Indian Constitution. The State is under an obligation under the Directive Principles of State Policy to organize agriculture and animal .husbandry on scientific lines, and towards that goal, take steps to prohibit cow slaughter.
FACTS: The State of X passed a legislation totally prohibiting cow slaughter. A, a butcher, trading in meat of all animals including cows, challenged this legislation as violating the fundamental right to carry on his business.
FACTS: The State of X passed a legislation totally prohibiting cow slaughter. A, a butcher, trading in meat of all animals including cows, challenged this legislation as violating the fundamental right to carry on his business.
A The State of X cannot make a law taking away any fundamental right. Such law is null and void
Such a law completely prohibits X from practicing his occupation therefore violating his FR. The State of X cannot make a law taking away any fundamental right. Such law is null and void.
Question 22
PRINCIPLE: The Constitution guarantees freedom of religion and expects the citizen to respect national anthem as a fundamental duty.
FACTS: According to the religions tenets of a particular sect, singing the praise of any entity other than God is forbidden. The child, belonging to that sect, refuses to sing national anthem in the course of school assembly, in which every child must compulsorily participate. When the disciplinary action was instituted against the child, the parents challenged the school's order of singing the national anthem.
FACTS: According to the religions tenets of a particular sect, singing the praise of any entity other than God is forbidden. The child, belonging to that sect, refuses to sing national anthem in the course of school assembly, in which every child must compulsorily participate. When the disciplinary action was instituted against the child, the parents challenged the school's order of singing the national anthem.
C The girl is free to follow the religion of her choice and follow its rules. It cannot be said to be disrespect on the part of the girl if she refuse to sing national anthem
The girl is free to follow the religion of her choice and follow its rules. It cannot be said to be disrespect on the part of the girl if she refuse to sing national anthem The girl doesn
Question 23
PRINCIPLE: All citizens shall have the right to freedom of speech and expression.
FACTS: X, a famous writer and novelist criticized another novelist, B stating that: "The novel of B is foolish, he is a weakman, his novel is indecent, his mind is impure, he is not of a good character, he should write decent and good novel." Can X be sued for defamation?
FACTS: X, a famous writer and novelist criticized another novelist, B stating that: "The novel of B is foolish, he is a weakman, his novel is indecent, his mind is impure, he is not of a good character, he should write decent and good novel." Can X be sued for defamation?
C He cannot be liable because he has fundamental right to freedom of speech and expression
Principle only mentions about freedom of speech and expression as a matter of right therefore,
Question 24
Which one of the following is correct?
A X is not liable as it was the negligence of Y
X is not liable as it was the negligence of Y. It is the duty of Y to take reasonable duty of care while driving on the road and not to cause injuries to any person.
Question 25
The standard of care generally used in cases of negligence is the
D skill and foresight of an ordinary person of prudence and competence
The standard of care generally used in cases of negligence is the skill and foresight of an ordinary person of prudence and competence.
Question 26
Two persons are said to be joint tort-feasors when
D two persons together commit a tort
Two persons are said to be joint tort-feasors when two persons together commit a tort.
Question 27
Which of the following argument is valid?
C Q has used excessive force as once P fell unconscious; there was no need for the second blow. Hence, Q's plea of right of private defence will not succeed
As per the principle, law permits citizens to use force only for protection when necessary against imminent attack while, Q has used excessive force as once P fell unconscious; there was no need for the second blow. Hence, Q's plea of right of private defence will not succeed. After the first attack, there was no imminent threat and consequently no need of force for protection.
Question 28
To whom, among the following, is the right of private defence is available?
1. Only to the defender being a preventive right
2. An aggressor, while facing action on the part of the defender which is excessive.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
1. Only to the defender being a preventive right
2. An aggressor, while facing action on the part of the defender which is excessive.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
A 1 only
The right of private defence is available is available only to the defender being a preventive right.
Question 29
X's farm house in outskirts of Delhi was attacked by a gang of armed robbers. X without informing the police, at first warned the robbers by firing in the air. As they were fleeing from the farm, he fired and killed one of them. At the trial
1. X can avail the right of private defence as he was defending his life and property
2. X cannot avail the right as he failed to inform the police
3. X cannot avail the right as he caused more harm than was necessary to ward off the danger
4. X can avail of the right as at first he only fires in the air
1. X can avail the right of private defence as he was defending his life and property
2. X cannot avail the right as he failed to inform the police
3. X cannot avail the right as he caused more harm than was necessary to ward off the danger
4. X can avail of the right as at first he only fires in the air
C II and III
X cannot avail the right as he failed to inform the police and he caused more harm than was necessary to ward off the danger. Excessive force while exercising private defence is against the basic principle of conferment of this right. Option 3 is directly in line with the principle, therefore C.
Question 30
What offence, if any has been committed by X and Y, respectively?
B Both X and Y have committed the offence of criminal conspiracy
Both X and Y have committed the offence of criminal conspiracy because is a combination between two or more persons formed for the purpose of doing either an unlawful act or a lawful act by unlawful means.
Question 31
Suppose X and Y were apprehended by A before administering poison to Z. What is the offence committed by X and V?
D X and Y are to be punished as it is immaterial whether illegal act is ultimate object of the agreement or merely incidental to that object
X and Y are to be punished as it is immaterial whether illegal act is ultimate object of the agreement or merely incidental to that object.
Question 32
The gist of the offence of criminal conspiracy is
C both (a) and (b)
The gist of the offence of criminal conspiracy is that an agreement is necessary between two or more persons to do or cause to be done an illegal act or a legal act by illegal means followed by an overt act to be done or cause to be done according to agreement.
Question 33
PRINCIPLE: Contributory negligence in an accident is a defence to a charge in criminal law.
FACTS: X, the deceased was negligently crossing the busy road at Connaught Place in Delhi while Y's car hit him resulting in death of X. What is the liability of Y?
FACTS: X, the deceased was negligently crossing the busy road at Connaught Place in Delhi while Y's car hit him resulting in death of X. What is the liability of Y?
C Y is absolved from liability based on the principle of contributory negligence
X was himself negligent in his act and therefore Y will not be responsible towards his negligence. Y is absolved from liability based on the principle of contributory negligence. X was negligent while walking and thus contributed to his death therefore giving Y a defence under law.
Question 34
PRINCIPLE: A contract without consideration is void. When at the desire of one party the other party does something, the consideration is said to flow from the latter to the former.
FACTS: A's house was on fire and a child was trapped inside the house. Everyone was shouting for help. A brave onlooker, hearing the shrieks of child, went inside the house and brought him out. The father of the child promised to pay the rescuer Rs. 10,000. Subsequently, he backtracked on his promise. The rescuer sued the promise for the breach.
FACTS: A's house was on fire and a child was trapped inside the house. Everyone was shouting for help. A brave onlooker, hearing the shrieks of child, went inside the house and brought him out. The father of the child promised to pay the rescuer Rs. 10,000. Subsequently, he backtracked on his promise. The rescuer sued the promise for the breach.
B The rescuer is not entitled to the payment, since he acted on his own
The act didn
Question 35
PRINCIPLE: A contract procured by coercion is bad under Indian Contract Act. Coercion is defined as committing or threatening to commit any act forbidden by Indian Penal Code. Attempt to commit suicide is an offence under India Penal Code.
FACTS: A wanted his wife B to part with some landed property given to her by her father. B resisted fearing that her husband would squander it away. A threatened her that if she does not sign the deed transferring the property to him (i.e., (A), he would commit suicide. B signed the deed. Subsequently, she challenged the deed on the ground that the deed was bad under law.
FACTS: A wanted his wife B to part with some landed property given to her by her father. B resisted fearing that her husband would squander it away. A threatened her that if she does not sign the deed transferring the property to him (i.e., (A), he would commit suicide. B signed the deed. Subsequently, she challenged the deed on the ground that the deed was bad under law.
C The deed is not valid as it was signed under the threat of suicide by her husband which amounts to coercion and vitiates the contract
The deed is not valid as it was signed under the threat of suicide by her husband which amounts to coercion and vitiates the contract. And as per the principle, a contract procured by coercion is bad under Indian Contract Act.
Section: LOGICAL REASONING
Question 1
Find the missing word.
Carpet: Floor :: ? : Wall
Carpet: Floor :: ? : Wall
B Wall hanging
Just like carpet is put on the floor, wall hanging is put on the wall.
Question 2
Find the missing word.
Kaziranga : Rhino :: ? : Lion
Kaziranga : Rhino :: ? : Lion
C Gir
Kaziranga National Park situated in Assam state of India, is a UNESCO world heritage sites of India and known for Great Indian one horned Rhinoceros. Similarly, Gir Forest National Park is a wildlife sanctuary in Gujarat, western India. It was established to protect Asiatic lions, who frequent the fenced-off Devalia Safari Park, along with leopards and antelopes.
Question 3
Find the next word.
AOP, CQR, EST, GUV, ?
AOP, CQR, EST, GUV, ?
C IWX
The series follows a simple logic – the first letter of the second value is first letter of the first value plus 2. So A (first letter) of AOP (first value) will become A + 2 = C (first letter) of CQR (second value). The other values follow the same logic and so GUV will become IWX.
Question 4
Find the next number.
6, 11, 21, 36, 56, ?
6, 11, 21, 36, 56, ?
C 81
The logic is 6 + 5 = 11, 11 + 10 (the difference is increasing by 5) = 21, 21 + 15 = 36, 36 + 20 = 56 and 56 + 25 = 81.
Question 5
A father is now three times as old as his son. Five years back, he was four times as old as his son. The age of the son is
B 15
Let the current age of son be x, so the father’s age will be 3x
Five years ago son’s age will be x- 5 and father’s age will be 3x – 5.
It is given than five years back father was four times as old as his son. So 3x – 5 = 4 x(x – 5). Solving for this we get the value of x as 15.
Five years ago son’s age will be x- 5 and father’s age will be 3x – 5.
It is given than five years back father was four times as old as his son. So 3x – 5 = 4 x(x – 5). Solving for this we get the value of x as 15.
Question 6
A bus for Delhi leaves every thirty minutes from a bus stand. An enquiry clerk told a passenger that the bus had already left ten minutes ago and the next bus will leave at 9.35 a.m. At what time did the enquiry clerk give this information to the passenger?
D 9.15 a.m.
If the next bus will leave at 9:35 the previous bus would have left at 9:05. The enquiry clerk told the passenger that the previous bus left 10 minutes ago. So if 10 minutes ago was 9:05, time now will be 9:05 + 10 = 9:15.
Question 7
Soaking dried beans overnight before cooking them reduces cooking time. However, cooking without pre-soaking yields plumper beans. Therefore, when a bean dish's quality is more important than the need to cook that dish quickly, beans should not be pre-soaked.
Which one of the following is an assumption required by the argument?
Which one of the following is an assumption required by the argument?
A Plumper beans enhance the quality of a dish
If dried beans are not precooked it will yield plumper beans and it is suggested that if quality is important dried beans should not be precooked. This would make sense if we assume that there is a direct link between plumper beans and quality, hence “a” is the correct answer.
Question 8
Everyone in Biba's neighbourhood is permitted to swim at Barton Pool at some time during each day that it is open. No children under the age of 6 are permitted to swim at Barton Pool between noon and 5 P.M. From 5 P.M. until closing, Barton Pool is reserved for adults only.
If all the sentences above are true, then which one of the following must be true?
If all the sentences above are true, then which one of the following must be true?
B If Biba's next door neighbour has a child under the age of 6, then Barton Pool is open before noon
Almost all the clues are a bit vague here, so we will opt for the one which is the least incorrect. Choice “a” is out as from the information provided we cannot conclude anything about the population mix of Biba’s neighborhood. If there is a child who is under the age of 6 and the child wants to swim he can only swim before noon, hence with this additional information this conclusion can be drawn. Again, since we do not have information about the adult population we cannot conclude this. Again we cannot say this with certainty as we do not have information about the population.
Question 9
Find out the missing alphabet.
D, H, L, R, ?
D, H, L, R, ?
B X
D + 4 = H, H + 4 = L, L + 6 = R, so R + 6 = X.
Question 10
Find out the missing number.
3, 7, 15, 31, 63, ?
3, 7, 15, 31, 63, ?
C 127
The difference starts with 4 and then keeps increasing with previous difference x 2. So 3 + 4 = 7. Next value will be 7 + new difference = 7 + (4 x 2) = 15, 15 + (8 x 2) = 31, 31 + (16 x 2) = 63, 63 + (32 x 2) = 127.
Question 11
If SIR is written as PSPIPR, then MAN can be written as
B PMPAPN
SIR is coded to PSPIPR, that is, six letter word. So even MAN will be converted to a six letter word. Only choice ‘b’ fulfills this and is the correct answer. The coding is simple the coded word simply adds P before every letter.
Question 12
In a certain code language, 35796 is written as 44887. How is 46823 written in that code?
B 55914
The coding follows a simple pattern of +1 and -1. 35796 becomes 44887, that is, 3 + 1, 5 – 1, 7 + 1, 9 – 1, 6 + 1. So 46823 will be written as 4 + 1, 6 -1, 8 + 1, 2 – 1 and 3 + 1. The value will be 55914.
Question 13
If day before yesterday was Tuesday, the day after tomorrow will be
D Saturday
If day before yesterday was Tuesday it means today is Thursday. So day after tomorrow will be Saturday.
Question 14
Ram is facing North-West. He turns in clockwise direction by 90°, then 180° in the anti-clockwise direction and then another 90° in the same direction. Which direction is he facing now?
D South-East
Ram turns 90 degrees clockwise and 180 + 90 degrees anti-clockwise. So his net movement is 180 degrees anti-clockwise. He was initially facing North-West so he will now be facing South – East.
Question 15
One morning after sunrise, Vikram and Shailesh were standing in a lawn with their backs towards each other, Vikram's shadow fell exactly towards left hand side. Which direction was Shailesh facing?
D South
Start with the placement of sun (source of light). Since Vikram’s shadow falls to his left the source of right will be to his right. So we know that sun is to his right. In the morning Sun is in East so we get one direction and consequently we will figure out other directions as well. We can see from the figure that Shailesh is facing South.
Question 16
Zack's Coffeehouse schedules free poetry readings almost every Wednesday. Zack's offers half-priced coffee all day on every day that a poetry reading is scheduled.
Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the information above?
Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the information above?
D Zack's offers half-priced coffee all day on most if not all Wednesdays
Option “a” is out as Zack may me offering half priced coffee on other occasions then when poetry reading is scheduled. Also it is quite possible that he scheduled poetry reading on the some other day of the week as well – For instance poetry reading may be scheduled every Friday at his coffee house. With the same logic even choice “b” is out. This is a flawed deduction – If A then B does not necessarily mean that if B then A will also happen. Refer to Eptitude’s theory for the concept. “d” is correct as it is stated that Zack’s offers half – priced coffee all day on every day that a poetry reading is scheduled and it is also given that poetry reading is scheduled for almost every Wednesday.
Question 17
If it is true that neither Rama is a brother of Krishna, nor is he a lecturer, then which of the following statements is true?
D Rama is not a brother of Krishna and he is not a lecturer
This is a straightforward question and “d” is the correct choice as that is what is given in the statement.
Question 18
"Make hay while the sun shines" is logically similar to
A Sleep when you are tired
The phrase implies make use of the opportunity/occasion. The nearest to this is choice “a”.
Question 19
The Constitution has given the right of free speech. People speak freely in order to enjoy this right.
Which of the following has the same logic?
Which of the following has the same logic?
C Wealth gives power to enjoy material things. People enjoy these things by spending their wealth
All of these choices have some errors in them. However, choice “c” is least incorrect and hence will be the correct answer. The correct choice should have been – Wealth gives power to enjoy material things. People spend on material things to enjoy this power.
Question 20
Literature is the mirror in which the society can see itself. The above statement implies that
C literature enables the people to comprehend dimensions which they are unaware of
Choices “a” and “b” are vague and so “c” is the correct choice.
Question 21
It is time that begging must be forbidden in all public places in India. Exploitation of charitable instincts in general, far from solving the problem of poverty, may infact aggravate it by inducing laziness.
Which of the following, if true, would support the above reasoning?
Which of the following, if true, would support the above reasoning?
A Destitution is the result of unwillingness to work
If it is true that destitution (poverty) is the result of unwillingness to work then if begging is encourage it would lead to laziness which in turn will lead to unwillingness to work and, therefore, more destitution.
Question 22
Child labour is only a reflection of the malaise in the society.
Which of the following, supports the above statement?
Which of the following, supports the above statement?
C Exploitation of the poor, weak and unorganized is not uncommon
Malaise means a general feeling of discomfort, illness, or unease. From this choice “c” becomes the best answer.
Question 23
If it is true that 'good governance ensures law and order', then identify the statement which has to be accepted along with the given statement.
C Law is indispensible for the society
The question is a tough question because of the subjectivity involved in the choices. Law and order is essential for the smooth functioning of any society and it is given that good governance ensures law and order. So we can mark “c” as the correct answer.
Question 24
If it is true that 'very rarely do we come across committed film directors', which one of the following is false beyond doubt?
A We can never come across committed film directors
From “very rarely do we come across committed film directors” we can conclude that we do come across committed film directors though the frequency of such encounters is low. We can definitely not conclude “a” from the given statement.
Question 25
If it is true that all men are honest and all politicians are men. For which among the following is it impossible to follow from the given premises?
A Some politicians are not honest
As per the official answer key the correct answer is “d”. We will go with choice “a” as choice is still possible as could be seen from figure 2 below.
Question 26
Consider a set of premises like this: if science and religion clash, then critical thinking and dogma will clash. Dogma is not acceptable and hence religion. But critical thinking shakes the foundation of morality.
Identify the conclusion which follows from the premises.
Identify the conclusion which follows from the premises.
C If science is accepted, then foundations of morality are shaken
This is an If A then B type of deductive logic in which if cause (A) happens effect (B) will definitely happen. Also if effect (B) does not happen we know with certainty that even cause (A) would not have happened. On the other hand if cause did not happen effect may still happen and if effect happened the cause may not have happened as this is one of the causes and not the only cause. For theory on deductive logic get in touch with Eptitude at www.eptitude.co.in.
Hence, choice “c” is the correct answer as when cause happens - science is accepted, effect will happen or in this case foundations of morality are shaken.
Hence, choice “c” is the correct answer as when cause happens - science is accepted, effect will happen or in this case foundations of morality are shaken.
Question 27
If Ramesh likes oranges more than grapes, strawberries more than apples, and apples more than oranges, then which one of the following is not true?
A He likes grapes more than strawberries
Strawberry is the most liked fruit and grapes the least liked. Hence, “a” is the correct answer.
Question 28
"Justice should not only be done, but seen to have been done". The statement intends to convey the message that
B Public participation in judicial decision making is essential for timely justice
Choices “a” and “b” may look close but choice “b” is better as seen here is not in the literal sense but it encourages participation of public so that justice is felt as been delivered.
Question 29
Yoga has become a very popular type of exercise, but it may not be for everyone. Before you sign yourself up for a yoga class, you need to examine what it is you want from your fitness routine. If you're looking for a high-energy, fast-paced aerobic workout, a yoga class might not be your best choice.
This paragraph best supports the statement that
This paragraph best supports the statement that
B Before embarking on a new exercise regimen, you should think about your needs and desires
Nothing is mentioned about high – impact aerobics so choice “a” is out. It could have been correct if it were mentioned that yoga is the “most” popular exercise. Similarly choices “c” and “d” could be eliminated. From “Before you sign up….” We can conclude choice “b”.
Question 30
Which one of the following, even if true, can be empirically tested?
B Only poor are driven to violence
Choice “b” could be easily empirically tested. One could look at the record of the documented violent acts and check the economic status of the perpetrator. The answer could be yes or no but can be obtained.
Question 31
Which one of the following, whether true or false, is irrelevant to the issue?
B Violence is commonplace in the world because men hardly learn philosophy
All other choices provides the motivation behind violence whereas “b” is different as compared to other choices as it gives a reason as to why violence is a common place and so is our best answer.
Question 32
Which one of the following makes the argument self-contradictory?
D Motion is not a reality
Motion of objects could be seen and is a reality. Choice “d” is, therefore, self contradictory.
Question 33
Before Robert Norman worked on 'Dip and Field Concept', his predecessor thought that the tendency of the magnetic needle to swing towards the poles was due to a point attractive. However, Norman showed with the help of experiment that nothing like point attractive exists. Instead, he argued that magnetic power lies in lodestone.
Which one of the following is the problem on which Norman and others worked?
Which one of the following is the problem on which Norman and others worked?
A Existence of point attractive
The question is “Which is the problem on which Norman and other worked”? Before Norman
Question 34
In his study of conduction of heat, James Maxwell observed that quantities which are significant in such a study are 'temperature, flow of heat and conductivity'. Further, he noticed that the mathematical laws of the uniform motion of heat in homogenous media are identical in form with those of attractions varying inversely as the square of the distance. He thought source of heat, flow of heat and temperature correspond respectively to centre of attraction, accelerating effect of attraction and potential. On this ground, Maxwell observed that conduction of heat proceeds by an action between contiguous parts of a medium.
Which one of the following best explains Maxwell's method?
Which one of the following best explains Maxwell's method?
C Observation
The words “observed” has been used thrice in the paragraph and this makes “c” as the best answer.
Question 35
Henry Poincare argued that in space there are not only rectilinear triangles in which angles equal to two right angles, but also curvilinear triangles in which angles are less than two right angles. He, further, maintained that to name the first one straight is to subscribe to Euclidean geometry and to name the latter straight is tantamount to subscribing to non- Euclidean system.
Which one of the following accurately represents what is at stake?
Which one of the following accurately represents what is at stake?
B Acceptability of Non-Euclidean system
Depending on what theory is accepted – there are only rectilinear triangles or there are curvilinear triangles also, the system to be accepted will be determined. It will be either Euclidean system or Non- Euclidean system. So which system will be accepted is at stake. So the correct answer could be either “a” or “b”, but since new theory (Non Euclidean) is proposed by Henry Poincare we would be more inclined towards his stakes that is choice “b”.
Section: MATHEMATICS
Question 1
Kirti took loan of Rs. 800 at the rate of 11% per year for 7 months. After seven months she has to pay
A Rs. 851
Since nothing is given, we will assume simple interest.
Now, SI = (P x R x T)/100 = (800 x 11 x 7/12)/100 = Rs. 51.33
Hence Kirti has to pay 851 approximately.
Now, SI = (P x R x T)/100 = (800 x 11 x 7/12)/100 = Rs. 51.33
Hence Kirti has to pay 851 approximately.
Question 2
16 men can do a piece of work in 16 days. 4 days after they started the work, 8 more men joined them. How many days will they now take to complete the remaining work?
C 8 days
Let 1 man do 1 unit in 1 day.
Then Total Work = Work done by 16 men in 16 days = 16 x 16 = 256 units
Now, work done by 16 men in 4 days = 16 x 4 = 64 units
So work left = 256 – 64 = 192 units
Now, we have 16 + 8 = 24 men
Let 24 men take N more days. They will finish the remaining work
i.e. work done by 24 men in N days = 24 x N = 192
or N = 192/24 = 8 days
Then Total Work = Work done by 16 men in 16 days = 16 x 16 = 256 units
Now, work done by 16 men in 4 days = 16 x 4 = 64 units
So work left = 256 – 64 = 192 units
Now, we have 16 + 8 = 24 men
Let 24 men take N more days. They will finish the remaining work
i.e. work done by 24 men in N days = 24 x N = 192
or N = 192/24 = 8 days
Question 3
The number of the members of a club is increased by 10% every year. If the initial number of the members is 500, then what will be the number at the beginning of the third year?
D 605
Initial members = 500
Members after 1st year = 500 + 10% of 500 = 500 + 50 = 550
Members after 2nd year = 550 + 10% of 550 = 550 + 55 = 605
Members after 1st year = 500 + 10% of 500 = 500 + 50 = 550
Members after 2nd year = 550 + 10% of 550 = 550 + 55 = 605
Question 4
A student rides a bicycle at 8 km/hr and reaches the school 2.5 minutes late. The next day he increases the speed to 10 km/hr and reaches school 5 minutes early. How far is the school from his house?
C 5 kms
Let T minutes be the time to reach school on time.
Now Distance D = S x T
So, D = 8 x (T + 2.5)/60
Also, D = 10 x (T – 5)/60
Equating the two:
8 x (T + 2.5)/60 = 10 x (T – 5)/60
i.e. 4(T + 2.5) = 5(T – 5) or 4T + 10 = 5T – 25
i.e. T = 25 + 10 = 35 minutes
So D = 10 x (35 – 5)/60 = 5 kms
Now Distance D = S x T
So, D = 8 x (T + 2.5)/60
Also, D = 10 x (T – 5)/60
Equating the two:
8 x (T + 2.5)/60 = 10 x (T – 5)/60
i.e. 4(T + 2.5) = 5(T – 5) or 4T + 10 = 5T – 25
i.e. T = 25 + 10 = 35 minutes
So D = 10 x (35 – 5)/60 = 5 kms
Question 5
Rs. 324 is divided among three friends Sonu, Monu and Hari in the ratio 5:6:7. What is Monu's share of money?
B 108
Let the shares of the three friends be 5n, 6n and 7n respectively.
Then, 5n + 6n + 7n = 324
i.e. n = 324/18 = 18
So Monu’s share = 6n = Rs. 108
Then, 5n + 6n + 7n = 324
i.e. n = 324/18 = 18
So Monu’s share = 6n = Rs. 108
Question 6
In an examination, every candidate took either Physics or Mathematics or both. 84% of the candidates took Physics and candidates who took Mathematics were half of those who took Physics. The total number of candidates being 1000, how many took both Physics and Mathematics?
D 260
Physics = 84% of 1000 = 840
Mathematics = ½ of 840 = 420
Let N candidates take both subjects.
Since every candidate took either Physics or Mathematics or both:
1000 = 840 + 420 – N
i.e. N = 1260 – 1000 = 260
Mathematics = ½ of 840 = 420
Let N candidates take both subjects.
Since every candidate took either Physics or Mathematics or both:
1000 = 840 + 420 – N
i.e. N = 1260 – 1000 = 260
Question 7
A company declares a dividend of 12% on Rs. 100 shares? A housewife buys such shares and gets 15% on her investment. At what price she bought the shares?
A Rs. 80
Dividend = 12% of face value = 12/100 x 100 = Rs. 12
Also, let her purchase price be Rs. N
Then her earnings = 15% of purchase price = 15/100 x N = 3N/20
Clearly, Dividend = Earnings
So, 12 = 3N/20 or N = 240/3 = Rs. 80
Also, let her purchase price be Rs. N
Then her earnings = 15% of purchase price = 15/100 x N = 3N/20
Clearly, Dividend = Earnings
So, 12 = 3N/20 or N = 240/3 = Rs. 80
Question 8
The price of an article is cut by 10%. To restore it to the original value, the new price must be increased by
D 11<sup>1</sup>/<sub>9</sub>%
Let the original price be Rs. 100
Then new price = 100 – 10% of 100 = 100 – 10 = Rs. 90
So current price = Rs. 90
Now to restore it to original price, increase needed = Rs. 10
Now % change = Change/Initial value
So % increase needed = 10/90 x 100 = 100/9 = 111/9%
Then new price = 100 – 10% of 100 = 100 – 10 = Rs. 90
So current price = Rs. 90
Now to restore it to original price, increase needed = Rs. 10
Now % change = Change/Initial value
So % increase needed = 10/90 x 100 = 100/9 = 111/9%
Question 9
A shopkeeper mixes two varieties of Tea, one costing Rs. 40/kg and another Rs. 50/ kg in the ratio 3 : 2. If he sells the mixed variety of Tea at Rs. 48/kg, his gain or loss per cent is
C 10% gain
Let the quantities mixed be 3 kg and 2 kg respectively.
Then, cost price of first variety = 40 x 3 = Rs. 120
Cost price of second variety = 50 x 2 = Rs. 100
So Total Cost Price = 120 + 100 = Rs. 220
Also, Total Selling price of 5 kg = 48 x 5 = Rs. 240
Hence gain % = gain/CP x 100 = 20/220 x 100 = 100/11 = 9.09%
Since this is not given in the options, we are forced to choose the closest choice i.e. option c!
Then, cost price of first variety = 40 x 3 = Rs. 120
Cost price of second variety = 50 x 2 = Rs. 100
So Total Cost Price = 120 + 100 = Rs. 220
Also, Total Selling price of 5 kg = 48 x 5 = Rs. 240
Hence gain % = gain/CP x 100 = 20/220 x 100 = 100/11 = 9.09%
Since this is not given in the options, we are forced to choose the closest choice i.e. option c!
Question 10
The value of a car depreciates every year at the rate of 10% on its value at the beginning of the year. If the present value of the car is Rs. 52,488, its worth four years ago was
D Rs. 80,000
Let initial worth be Rs. N
Now depreciation every year = 10%
So every year the value of the car becomes 100% – 10% = 90% of its previous value
Hence value after 4 years = 90% of 90% of 90% of 90% of N
i.e. 0.9 x 0.9 x 0.9 x 0.9 x N = 52488
i.e. N = 52488 x 10/9 x 10/9 x 10/9 x 10/9 = Rs. 80000
Now depreciation every year = 10%
So every year the value of the car becomes 100% – 10% = 90% of its previous value
Hence value after 4 years = 90% of 90% of 90% of 90% of N
i.e. 0.9 x 0.9 x 0.9 x 0.9 x N = 52488
i.e. N = 52488 x 10/9 x 10/9 x 10/9 x 10/9 = Rs. 80000
